Search results for "oilseed"
showing 10 items of 20 documents
Sensitivity to oilseed rape gene flow in two European contrasted regions
2007
; absent
Différences de capacités d’induction de la germination de deux pathovars d’orobanche rameuse sur une gamme d’hôtes des familles des brassicacées et f…
2016
Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a holoparasite weed causing significant yield losses on several crops, especially in France on winter oilseed rape fields. The ability to induce germination of seeds of branched broomrape, variable between host species, represent an important information to identify the status of weed species present in the crop (host or non-host). In this study, conducted in in vitro conditions, we focused on two botanical families and two dominant pathovars of branched broomrape in France. We show that the host species is the only important explanatory factor of seed germination rate, the latter being not affected by the pathovar. Among the species stu…
Managing crop nitrogen and soil dynamics
2001
Despite extensive research grain legume seed protein content and yield remains low and unstable. Grain legume performances in the cropping system are highly dependent upon N nutrition of the crop relying on root assimilation of soil N in combination with symbiotic fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen. In order to improve the competitive ability of grain legumes for growth resources an enlargement of the crop surface area production in combination with a judicious management of both inputs and N acquisition (and allocation to the harvested organs) is needed. Competitive ability implies to take into account economical constraints and the crop production effect on the environment, reducing the a…
Ex ante evaluation of gene flow in oilseed rape with cropping sytem models
2009
International audience
Spatio-temporal dynamics of weed seed eating carabid species in agricultural mosaics: variation of annual habitat quality of oil seed rape and role o…
2017
National audience; Carabid beetles are considered as important contributors to the regulation of weeds and recent studies have shown that weed seed predation by carabids may partly substitute for herbicide use in agriculture. Enhancing this ecosystem service requires to understand the spatio-temporal distribution of these species during the cropping season. Infra-annual variation in the spatial distribution of ground beetles within agricultural mosaics is less documented but of prime importance given that agricultural landscapes are highly dynamics. Indeed, crop phenology, agricultural operations but also habitat requirements during life cycle can lead to a redistribution of individuals bet…
Approches de la nuisibilité du bleuet en colza d'hiver
2016
Infestation of oilseed rape fields by cornflower is more and more frequent, which could become harmful. In contrast, cornflower produces nectar that is a resource for pollinators and probably crop pest predators and parasitoides. In order to get benefit of this resource, it is necessary to determine a balanced equilibrium between the services and the weediness of cornflower in spite of destroying it. We describe here bispecific competition trials against oilseed rape in small experimental plots. Experimental conditions led to too high or too small plant densities to estimate a threshold of competition. Results provide relevant information on self-concurrence among cornflower plants and on i…
Spot spraying in oilseeds and protein crops
2019
International audience; Currently, spraying chemical products in agriculture became the main means of weed controlbecause this cultural practice is very fast, inexpensive and very effective. However, awarenessof their negative impacts (environment, human health) requires thinking about new technicaland agronomic solutions. New technologies are promising techniques for a site-specific weedmanagement through the development of localized spraying.Some sprayers (often small width) located on the row may be able to answer thoseexpectations but they are most often expensive. In this context, the objective of the project“PLEVOP” (development of spot sprayer in oilseed and protein crops), proposed …
Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape MS8, RF3 and MS8×RF3 for renewal of authorisation under regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFS…
2017
Efsa Panel On Genetically Modified Organisms (gmo)Opinion scientificRequestor: European CommissionQuestion number: EFSA-Q-2016-00569; Following the submission of application EFSA-GMO-RX-004 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application of the genetically modified (GM) herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape MS8, RF3 and MS89RF3. The data received in the context of this renewal application contain post-market environmental monitoring reports, systematic searches and…
Applying an operating model for the environmental risk assessment in Italian Sites of Community Importance (SCI) of the European Commission Habitats …
2013
The fast development of agro-biotechnologies asks for a harmonized approach in risk analysis of GMO's releases, where "risk analysis" entails the assessment, management and communication of risk. Risk assessment consists in the evaluation of the likelihood that a hazard occurs, associated with the presence of the receptor(s) in the receiving environment, and the determination of their potential degree of exposure to the hazard. The whole process has to be both science based and applied case by case, and it involves a very complicated procedure that needs to be transformed in an operational and standardized tool. Beginning in 2003, an expert group on behalf of the Italian Ministry of the Env…
La nuisibilité directe des adventices en grandes cultures : quelles réponses nous apportent les essais désherbages ?
2016
The direct harmful effect of weeds in field crops : what do herbicide trials tell us ? Weeds are plants whose undesirable qualities (“harmfulness") outweigh their desirable qualities (trophic resources). Few studies conclude that weeds do not affect crop yield. However, it is difficult to generalize since weeds compete with crops for resources and these resources are spatially and temporally variable. This study analyzed 110 herbicide trials (untreated vs. treated plots) performed in France from 1993 to 2015 on three major grain crops: winter wheat, winter oilseed rape and sunflower. Significant yield losses were found in 92% of wheat trials (average over all trials: -2.6 t/ha), 51% of wint…