Search results for "oligo"

Caos y gobernación del mundo

2004

Mercosur entre mundialización y nacionalismos

2000

Versión corta e inédita del artículo "Mercosur y la otra mundialización" (en: El País, 5 de octubre de 2000) destinada a la Embajada de España en Paraguay.

Mercosur y la otra mundialización

2000

La versión publicada de este artículo aparece también en Cassen, Bernard, et al. (2002). Attac : contra la dictadura de los mercados : alternativas a la mundialización neoliberal (pp. 111-116). Barcelona: Icaria.

Davos a la sombra de Seattle

2000

Excessive CpG 1668 stimulation triggers IL-10 production by cDC that inhibits IFN-alpha responses by pDC.

2008

Upon stimulation with a wide range of concentrations of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2216 (CpG 2216), plasmacytoid DC are induced to produce type I IFN (IFN-alpha/beta). In contrast, CpG 1668 shows a bell-shaped dose-response correlation, i.e. only intermediate but not high doses of CpG 1668 induce IFN-alpha/beta. Interestingly, high-dose CpG 1668 completely inhibited IFN-alpha responses induced by CpG 2216. Experiments using supernatant of high-dose CpG-1668-treated cells indicated that secreted inhibitor(s) mediated the IFN-alpha shut-off. Among modulating cytokines, IL-10 turned out to be one important negative regulator. In line with this, supernatants of IL-10-deficient DC cultures stimula…

Virally Infected Mouse Liver Endothelial Cells Trigger CD8+ T-Cell Immunity

2009

Background & Aims Dendritic cell activation through ligation of pattern recognition receptors leading to full functional maturation causes induction of CD8 + T-cell immunity through increased delivery of costimulatory signals instead of tolerance. Here we investigate whether organ-resident antigen-presenting cells, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), also switch from tolerogenic to immunogenic CD8 + T-cell activation upon such stimulation. Methods Murine LSECs were isolated by immunomagnetic separation and analyzed for functional maturation upon triggering pattern recognition receptors or viral infection employing gene expression analysis and T cell coculture assays. In vivo…

Genetic lesions associated with Muller's ratchet in an RNA virus

1996

The molecular basis of Muller's ratchet has been investigated using the important animal pathogen foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Clones from two FMDV populations were subjected to serial plaque transfers (repeated bottleneck events) on host BHK-21 cells. Relative fitness losses were documented in 11 out of 19 clones tested. Small fitness gains were observed in three clones. One viral clone attained an extremely low plating efficiency, suggesting that accumulation of deleterious mutations had driven the virus near extinction. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed unique genetic lesions in multiply transferred clones that had never been seen in FMDVs isolated in nature or subjected to m…

Drug connectivity mapping and functional analysis reveal therapeutic small molecules that differentially modulate myelination

2022

Disruption or loss of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin has devastating effects on CNS function and integrity, which occur in diverse neurological disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, there is a need to develop new therapies that promote oligodendrocyte regeneration and myelin repair. A promising approach is drug repurposing, but most agents have potentially contrasting biological actions depending on the cellular context and their dose-dependent effects on intracellular pathways. Here, we have used a combined systems biology and neurobiological approach to identify compounds that exert positive and negative effects on olig…

Oligodendrocyte and Schwann Cell Identification Methods

2009

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells were first identified using light and electron microscopy of tissue. With the definition of proteins and lipids specific to these cells, antigen localization or in situ hybridization of the mRNA has facilitated identification in vivo and in vitro. Transgenic and ‘knockin’ mice have been generated in which cells expressing a specific promoter are fluorescently labeled. This permits isolation of the cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and the study of the labeled cells in situ by techniques such as electrophysiology. Transgenic zebra fish, in which the glial cells are similarly labeled, facilitate studies of these cells in the living animal.

Drug connectivity mapping and functional analysis reveals therapeutic small molecules that differentially modulate myelination

2020

AbstractOligodendrocytes are the myelin forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and are generated from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Disruption or loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin has devastating effects on CNS function and integrity, which occurs in diverse neurological disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, there is a need to develop new therapies that promote oligodendrocyte regeneration and myelin repair. A promising approach is drug repurposing, but most agents have potentially contrasting biological actions depending on the cellular context and their dose-dependent effects on intracellular r…