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showing 10 items of 18073 documents
Nonlinearities in plant RNA virus fitness
2012
Una de las mayores amenazas tanto para la salud humana y animal, como para la agronomía es la emergencia de nuevas enfermedades infecciosas, la mayoría de las cuales están causadas por los virus de RNA. La emergencia viral es un problema complejo que consista en la adquisición de la variación genética, por mutación o recombinación, dentro de la población viral en el huésped reservorio la cual podría facilitar la capacidad de infectar de manera eficiente nuevos huéspedes. Los virus de RNA presentan a una evolucionabilidad extraordinaria por sus grandes tamaños poblacionales, cortos tiempos de generación y altas tasas de mutación y recombinación. Comprender los mecanismos evolutivos que podrí…
Experimental evolution of genome architecture and complexity in an RNA virus
2016
Introducción La evolución de la arquitectura del genoma – las dimensiones y la organización del material hereditario de un organismo – es poco conocida. Existe una variación asombrosa en la arquitectura genómica entre diferentes organismos. Los virus tienden a tener genomas pequeños, con un mínimo de secuencias intergénicas y típicamente con genes solapantes, los cuales se cree son una forma de compresión del genoma que permite al virus incrementar su número de proteínas sin aumentar su tamaño. Los procariotas tienen genomas compactos, pero con secuencias intergénicas más largas que los virus, y los genes con solapamientos largos son escasos. Los eucariotas presentan una amplia gama de tama…
The closest relatives of icosahedral viruses of thermophilic bacteria are among viruses and plasmids of the halophilic archaea.
2009
We have sequenced the genome and identified the structural proteins and lipids of the novel membranecontaining, icosahedral virus P23-77 of Thermus thermophilus. P23-77 has an 17-kb circular double-stranded DNA genome, which was annotated to contain 37 putative genes. Virions were subjected to dissociation analysis, and five protein species were shown to associate with the internal viral membrane, while three were constituents of the protein capsid. Analysis of the bacteriophage genome revealed it to be evolutionarily related to another Thermus phage (IN93), archaeal Halobacterium plasmid (pHH205), a genetic element integrated into Haloarcula genome (designated here as IHP for integrated Ha…
Genome sequence of SeIV-1, a novel virus from the Iflaviridae family infective to Spodoptera exigua
2011
Analysis of the transcriptome of Spodoptera exigua larvae revealed the presence of several ESTs with homology to virus of the order Picornavirales and with the highest similarity to Infectious flacherie virus (Iflaviridae) that infects Bombyx mori larvae. Iflaviridae is a recently defined family of insect-infecting viruses that consist of positive single strand RNA genomes translated into a single polyprotein of around 3000 amino acids long. Using the sequence information derived from the obtained ESTs, we have completed the genomic sequence of this virus. The novel S. exigua iflavirus (SeIV-1) has a genome of 10.3 kb and codes for a 3222 aa polyprotein. Expression analysis has revealed the…
Why viruses sometimes disperse in groups?
2019
AbstractMany organisms disperse in groups, yet this process is understudied in viruses. Recent work, however, has uncovered different types of collective infectious units, all of which lead to the joint delivery of multiple viral genome copies to target cells, favoring co-infections. Collective spread of viruses can occur through widely different mechanisms, including virion aggregation driven by specific extracellular components, cloaking inside lipid vesicles, encasement in protein matrices, or binding to cell surfaces. Cell-to-cell viral spread, which allows the transmission of individual virions in a confined environment, is yet another mode of clustered virus dissemination. Nevertheles…
Game-Theoretic Approach to Hölder Regularity for PDEs Involving Eigenvalues of the Hessian
2021
AbstractWe prove a local Hölder estimate for any exponent $0<\delta <\frac {1}{2}$ 0 < δ < 1 2 for solutions of the dynamic programming principle $$ \begin{array}{@{}rcl@{}} u^{\varepsilon} (x) = \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n} \alpha_{j} \underset{\dim(S)=j}{\inf} \underset{|v|=1}{\underset{v\in S}{\sup}} \frac{u^{\varepsilon} (x + \varepsilon v) + u^{\varepsilon} (x - \varepsilon v)}{2} \end{array} $$ u ε ( x ) = ∑ j = 1 n α j inf dim ( S ) = j sup v ∈ S | v | = 1 u ε ( x + ε v ) + u ε ( x − ε v ) 2 with α1,αn > 0 and α2,⋯ ,αn− 1 ≥ 0. The proof is based on a new coupling idea from game theory. As an application, we get the same regularity estimate for viscosity solutions of the PDE $…
Equivalence of viscosity and weak solutions for a $p$-parabolic equation
2019
AbstractWe study the relationship of viscosity and weak solutions to the equation $$\begin{aligned} \smash {\partial _{t}u-\varDelta _{p}u=f(Du)}, \end{aligned}$$ ∂ t u - Δ p u = f ( D u ) , where $$p>1$$ p > 1 and $$f\in C({\mathbb {R}}^{N})$$ f ∈ C ( R N ) satisfies suitable assumptions. Our main result is that bounded viscosity supersolutions coincide with bounded lower semicontinuous weak supersolutions. Moreover, we prove the lower semicontinuity of weak supersolutions when $$p\ge 2$$ p ≥ 2 .
Hölder gradient regularity for the inhomogeneous normalized p(x)-Laplace equation
2022
We prove the local gradient Hölder regularity of viscosity solutions to the inhomogeneous normalized p(x)-Laplace equation −Δp(x)Nu=f(x), where p is Lipschitz continuous, infp>1, and f is continuous and bounded. peerReviewed
Hölder regularity for the gradient of the inhomogeneous parabolic normalized p-Laplacian
2018
In this paper, we study an evolution equation involving the normalized [Formula: see text]-Laplacian and a bounded continuous source term. The normalized [Formula: see text]-Laplacian is in non-divergence form and arises for example from stochastic tug-of-war games with noise. We prove local [Formula: see text] regularity for the spatial gradient of the viscosity solutions. The proof is based on an improvement of flatness and proceeds by iteration.
Regularity for nonlinear stochastic games
2015
We establish regularity for functions satisfying a dynamic programming equation, which may arise for example from stochastic games or discretization schemes. Our results can also be utilized in obtaining regularity and existence results for the corresponding partial differential equations. peerReviewed