Search results for "omics"

Epigenetic and Genetic Contributions to Adaptation in Chlamydomonas

2017

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation or histone modifications, can be transmitted between cellular or organismal generations. However, there are no experiments measuring their role in adaptation, so here we use experimental evolution to investigate how epigenetic variation can contribute to adaptation. We manipulated DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii both genetically and chemically to change the amount of epigenetic variation generated or transmitted in adapting populations in three different environments (salt stress, phosphate starvation, and high CO2) for two hundred asexual generations. We find that reducing the …

Genomic stability through time despite decades of exploitation in cod on both sides of the Atlantic

2021

Significance Both theory and experiments suggest that fishing can drive the evolution of an earlier maturation age. However, determining whether changes in the wild are the result of fisheries-induced evolution has been difficult. Temporal, genome-wide datasets can directly reveal responses to selection. Here, we investigate the genomes of two wild Atlantic cod populations from samples that pre- and postdate periods of intensive fishing. Although phenotypic changes suggest fisheries-induced evolution, we do not find evidence for any strong genomic change or loss of genetic diversity. While evolution could have occurred through undetectable frequency changes at many loci, the irreversible lo…

Gaining Insight into Exclusive and Common Transcriptomic Features Linked to Drought and Salinity Responses across Fruit Tree Crops

2020

The present study aimed at identifying and mapping key genes expressed in root tissues involved in drought and salinity tolerance/resistance conserved among different fruit tree species. Twenty-six RNA-Seq samples were analyzed from six published studies in five plant species (Olea europaea, Vitis riparia Michx, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus persica, Phoenix dactylifera). This meta-analysis used a bioinformatic pipeline identifying 750 genes that were commonly modulated in three salinity studies and 683 genes that were commonly regulated among three drought studies, implying their conserved role in resistance/tolerance/response to these environmental stresses. A comparison was done on the genes th…

Reply from m. Heino, j.a.j. Metz and v. Kaitala.

1998

Eva Kisdi clarifies the relationships between frequency dependence, optimization and ESSs. We basically agree with all her comments. However, some further clarification may be useful.In the first paragraph of Kisdi's letter, ESSs and optimal strategies are seemingly opposed by saying that `finding an optimal strategy is a considerably stronger result than finding an ESS'. Although this statement is factually correct, it might engender a suggestion that is slightly wrong. Conceptually, ESSs are always primary: only ESSs matter from the viewpoint of long-term evolution. Optimization is secondary only, and must be justified by an ESS argument that explicitly accounts for the ecology in which t…

2020

Thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) are endoparasites exploiting Mandibulata (Arthropoda) and Gnathostomata (Vertebrata). Despite their world-wide occurrence and economic relevance as a pest, genome and transcriptome assemblies have not been published before. However, such data might hold clues for a sustainable control of acanthocephalans in animal production. For this reason, we present the first draft of an acanthocephalan nuclear genome, besides the mitochondrial one, using the fish parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis (Palaeacanthocephala) as a model. Additionally, we have assembled and annotated the transcriptome of this species and the proteins encoded. A hybrid assembly of long and short…

Genomics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2004

International audience

Plant genes involved in arbuscular mycorrhiza formation and functioning

2002

Knowledge about that part of the plant genome involved in the establishment and functioning of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is important for the basic understanding of this symbiosis. It is also essential for a ‘genes to the field’ approach based on the identification and exploitation of genes that could be central to developing sustainable plant production systems in the future.

2021

Abstract The Mediterranean Basin has experienced extensive change in geology and climate over the past six million years. Yet, the relative importance of key geological events for the distribution and genetic structure of the Mediterranean fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we use population genomic and phylogenomic analyses to establish the evolutionary history and genetic structure of common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis). This species is particularly informative because, in contrast to other Mediterranean lizards, it is widespread across the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan Peninsulas, and in extra-Mediterranean regions. We found strong support for six major lineages within P. muralis, …

Drosophila Evolution over Space and Time (DEST) - A New Population Genomics Resource

2021

Abstract Drosophila melanogaster is a leading model in population genetics and genomics, and a growing number of whole-genome datasets from natural populations of this species have been published over the last 20 years. A major challenge is the integration of these disparate datasets, often generated using different sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines, which hampers our ability to address questions about the evolution and population structure of this species. Here we address these issues by developing a bioinformatics pipeline that maps pooled sequencing (Pool-Seq) reads from D. melanogaster to a hologenome consisting of fly and symbiont genomes and estimates allele frequenc…

Prospects for the microbial production of food flavours

1996

The microbial production of natural flavours has been extensively studied during the past decade, and some processes are currently being exploited commercially. However, in the case of flavour compounds such as lactones and some aromatic compounds, the lack of basic information on their metabolism, as well as their high toxicity, are two main barriers to industrial production. The development of novel and cheap production processes, such as solid-state fermentation, may help overcome some of the current limitations of microbial flavour production, as well as widening the spectrum of biotechnologically accessible compounds.