Search results for "onset"

Physical Methods for Enhancing Oral Mucosal Delivery: Sonophoresis, Iontophoresis and Electroporation

2015

The need for more rapid onset of action and improved absorption of medications has resulted in great development of drug delivery technologies. Transmucosal drug delivery offers a convenient route of administration for a variety of clinical indications. Unfortunately, the wide variability in structure of the oral mucosal tissues could constitute a key factor in drug penetration and absorption. To circumvent this obstacle and to increase the drug flux through the mucosal membranes, different approaches to permeation enhancement are used. This chapter describes the most significant aspects of the physical techniques widely used such as sonophoresis, iontophoresis, and electroporation. These p…

Changes in Onset of Vegetation Growth on Svalbard, 2000–2020

2022

The global temperature is increasing, and this is affecting the vegetation phenology in many parts of the world. The most prominent changes occur at northern latitudes such as our study area, which is Svalbard, located between 76°30′N and 80°50′N. A cloud-free time series of MODIS-NDVI data was processed. The dataset was interpolated to daily data during the 2000–2020 period with a 231.65 m pixel resolution. The onset of vegetation growth was mapped with a NDVI threshold method which corresponds well with a recent Sentinel-2 NDVI-based mapping of the onset of vegetation growth, which was in turn validated by a network of in-situ phenological data from time lapse cameras. The results show th…

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

2023

Funder: Amazon Web Services (AWS) Imagine Grant

A hierarchical Bayesian birth cohort analysis from incomplete registry data: evaluating the trends in the age of onset of insulin-dependent diabetes …

2005

Childhood diabetes is one of the major non-communicable diseases in children under 15 years of age. It requires a life-long insulin treatment and may lead to serious complications. Along with the worldwide increase in the incidence several countries have recently reported a decreasing trend in the age of onset of the disease. The aim of this study is to analyse long-term data on the incidence of the childhood diabetes in Finland from the birth cohorts perspective. The annual incidence data were available for the period 1965--1996 which translates into 1951--1996 birth cohorts. Hence the data consist of completely and partially observed cohorts. Bayesian modelling was employed in the analysi…

A novel S379A TARDBP mutation associated to late-onset sporadic ALS

2019

Since 2008, several groups have reported a lot of dominant mutations in TARDBP gene as a primary cause of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in TARDBP gene are responsible for 4–5% of familial ALS (fALS) and nearly 1% of sporadic ALS (sALS). To date, over 50 dominant mutations were found in TDP-43 in both familial and sporadic ALS patients, most of which were missense mutations in the C-terminal glycine-rich region. Herein, we describe the clinical and genetic analysis of an Italian non-familial ALS patient with a late onset and a rapid disease progression, which led to the discovery of a novel TARDBP mutation. After neurological evaluation, molecular investigation highlighted t…

A novel mutation (Thr116IIe) in the presenilin 1 gene in a patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease

2004

We report a novel presenilin 1 (PSN1) mutation (Thr116Ile) in a woman with early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). This mutation was not found in 100 healthy controls, indicating that this is not a common polymorphism. The patient presented with forgetfulness at age 45, followed over the next 3 years by a worsening of the memory loss and frequent episodes of confusion and spatial disorientation. Neuroimaging studies were consistent with AD. The analysis of the family's pedigree showed that the proband was apparently the only member affected. Because the early death of several close relatives (i.e. the mother and the grandmother) and the demonstration that the father is not a mutation carrier,…

An overview of the clinical efficacy of mirtazapine

2002

Mirtazapine is at least as effective as the tricyclic antidepressants and trazodone in a wide range of patient subgroups including in- and out-patients with moderate to severe depression. It also appears to be at least as effective as the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine in the treatment of severely depressed melancholic patients. When compared with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), mirtazapine shows a significantly earlier onset of action. Further analysis of a study comparing mirtazapine with the SSRI paroxetine indicated that early improvement was a highly sensitive predictor of later stable response for both drugs. The positive predictive val…

Evaluation of toughness by finite fracture mechanics from crack onset strain of brittle coatings on polymers

2008

Crack onset strain measurements of a confined layer in tension provide the means for layer toughness estimation. The procedure can be simplified if steady-state conditions prevail starting from the commencement of crack propagation, an assumption frequently employed in energy release rate evaluation. It is demonstrated, by numerical analysis of experimental data, that an estimate of the defect size in the film is needed in order to reliably evaluate its fracture toughness from the crack onset strain. Only if microcracks of sufficient size are present in the brittle layer, the steady-state energy release rate at the crack onset strain can be identified with layer toughness. Otherwise, the to…

Early onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in immigrant children from developing countries to Western Europe: The role of environmental factors?

2005

Predictors of weekly alcohol drinking and alcoholrelated problems in binge-drinking undergraduates

2015

Texto en inglés e español Las importantes implicaciones que genera el consumo intensivo de alcohol entre los jóvenes justifican el interés por determinar qué factores predicen su aparición. Concretamente, en este estudio se analiza el papel de la personalidad y edad de inicio en el consumo de alcohol en la predicción del consumo semanal de alcohol, y de todas estas variables en la predicción del número de consecuencias asociadas al consumo en jóvenes universitarios. Se evalúan 213 consumidores intensivos de primer curso de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Todos ellos cumplimentaron un autoregistro de consumo, el BIS-11, el NEO-FFI y el IECI de consecuencias asociadas a la ingesta. Los …