Search results for "opposition"

Probabilistic interpretations of the square of opposition

We investigate the square of opposition from a probabilistic point of view. Probability allows for dealing with exceptions and uncertainty. We will interpret the corners of the square by means of (precise or imprecise) conditional probability assessments. They will be defined within the framework of coherence, which originally goes back to de Finetti. In this framework probabilities are conceived as degrees of belief, where conditional probability is defined as a primitive concept. Coherence allows for dealing with partial and imprecise assessments. Moreover, the coherence approach is especially suitable for dealing with zero antecedent probabilities (i.e., here conditioning events may have…

Square of Opposition Under Coherence

2016

Various semantics for studying the square of opposition have been proposed recently. So far, only (Gilio et al., 2016) studied a probabilistic version of the square where the sentences were interpreted by (negated) defaults. We extend this work by interpreting sentences by imprecise (set-valued) probability assessments on a sequence of conditional events. We introduce the acceptability of a sentence within coherence-based probability theory. We analyze the relations of the square in terms of acceptability and show how to construct probabilistic versions of the square of opposition by forming suitable tripartitions. Finally, as an application, we present a new square involving generalized qu…

Structure and evolution of a European Parliament via a network and correlation analysis

2016

We present a study of the network of relationships among elected members of the Finnish parliament, based on a quantitative analysis of initiative co-signatures, and its evolution over 16 years. To understand the structure of the parliament, we constructed a statistically validated network of members, based on the similarity between the patterns of initiatives they signed. We looked for communities within the network and characterized them in terms of members' attributes, such as electoral district and party. To gain insight on the nested structure of communities, we constructed a hierarchical tree of members from the correlation matrix. Afterwards, we studied parliament dynamics yearly, wi…

Public Service Media’s Funding Crisis in the Face of the Digital Challenge

2020

The funding crisis of Public Service Media (PSM) is also a crisis affecting its legitimacy, business model, audience, innovation and transformation required to adapt to the current digital ecosystem, which is dominated by the changes in the access and consumption ways available to citizens, as well as by the new telecommunications global players. Eleven European countries have cut back the budgets of their public service media organizations during the past five years, and those which haven’t done it yet are facing adjustment plans until 2020. Besides financial pressures, European PSM is also facing increasing opposition from private operators, populist parties and the constant appetite for …

Structure and Evolution of a European Parliament via a Network and Correlation Analysis

2016

We present a study of the network of relationships among elected members of the Finnish parliament, based on a quantitative analysis of initiative co-signatures, and its evolution over 16 years. To understand the structure of the parliament, we constructed a statistically validated network of members, based on the similarity between the patterns of initiatives they signed. We looked for communities within the network and characterized them in terms of members’ attributes, such as electoral district and party. To gain insight on the nested structure of communities, we constructed a hierarchical tree of members from the correlation matrix. Afterwards, we studied parliament dynamics yearly, wi…

LA TECNICA Y LA CRISIS FILOSOFICA DEL HUMANISMO

2008

Los acontecimientos civilizatorios que emblemáticamente representamos con nombres como Auschwitz o Hiroshima han hecho visible que la comprensión de la realidad como técnicamente abordable obliga a replantear problemas centrales para la filosofía: la omnipresencia de la técnica transforma el modo de vida de los individuos y las sociedades contemporáneas, el vínculo del hombre con la naturaleza y el vinculo social, no menos que los modos de construcción de la subjetividad humana. El presente escrito intenta oponer a la destrucción heideggeriana del sujeto la idea de que, en la presente crisis abierta por las posibilidades inéditas de las tecnologías, es imprescindible una reconstrucción del …

Deportation vs. Sanctuary: The Rationalities, Technologies, and Subjects of Finnish Sanctuary Practices

1969


  Evangelical Lutheran parishes and their representatives have provided sanctuaries for asylum seekers for forty years in Finland.Yet this activity became widely publicly recognized only after the Finnish Ecumenical Council released the “Church as Sanctuary” document in 2007.The parishes are assisted by many civic organizations (e.g.women’s organizations, Free Movement Network, Amnesty International, and Finnish Refugee Council) in providing sanctuary.They share the same opponent: the state’s strict asylum policy.The various parties involved in Finnish sanctuary incidents can be divided into two groups using the terminology of the Foucaldian analytics of pastoral power: a state pastor…

IL SINDACO DEL RIONE SANITÀ – MIT WŁOSKIEGO GUAPPO OCZAMI LUIGIEGO PIRANDELLA

2015

The article proposes an analysis of one of the main plays written by Eduardo De Filippo, Il sindaco del rione Sanita, considered here in a wide context: the literary and artistic representation of Neapolitan criminality. Understood by a part of the critics and later by sociological studies focused on the camorra as the “personification of the myth” of the guappo, often in opposition to the parodistic and disenchanted version of the character offered by Raffaele Viviani, Eduardo’s Sindaco actually maintains with this topos an extensively ambiguous connection. In this essay, using the proper methods of textual analysis in a dialogue with some contributions taken from historiography and sociol…

THE INFLUENCE OF CONTRARIANS AND OPPORTUNISTS ON THE STABILITY OF A DEMOCRACY IN THE SZNAJD MODEL

2004

Sznajd-Weron and Sznajd introduced a model investigating the democratic development in a closed community. This model is based on the USDF-principle ("united we stand, divided we fall"). However, it faces the problem that the system tends either to a dictatorship (i.e., 100% pro or 100% contra) or to a stalemate state (i.e., exactly 50% pro, 50% contra). Based on their model, I will show that a democratic system keeps alive due to the existence of both opportunists and persons in opposition.

Philosophy and Technology in the French Tradition. The Legacy of François Dagognet

2018

In opposition to philosophers focused on the intimacy of the subject, a number of French philosophers were more concerned with understanding the objective world as it is, and as we built it. In this respect, technology as an historical process, ending up in a set of objects and practices, affords a worthwhile ground for developing such world-oriented philosophical reflections. This paper provides a survey of this philosophical landscape with a special emphasis on the pro-eminent role of Francois Dagognet who pioneered a material and object philosophy in France.