Search results for "optical"

showing 10 items of 7671 documents

Understanding the Effects of Crosslinking and Reinforcement Agents on the Performance and Durability of Biopolymer Films for Cultural Heritage Protec…

2021

In the last two decades, the naturally occurring polysaccharides, such as chitosan and pectin, have gained great attention having potential applications in different sectors, from biomedical to new generation packaging. Currently, the chitosan and pectic have been proposed as suitable materials also for the formulation of films and coatings for cultural heritage protection, as well as packaging films. Therefore, the formulation of biopolymer films, considering only naturally occurring polymers and additives, is a current challenging trend. This work reports on the formulation of chitosan (CS), pectin (PC), and chitosan:pectin (CS:PC) films, also containing natural crosslinking and reinforce…

food.ingredientMaterials sciencePectinMechanical behaviorsPharmaceutical Science02 engineering and technologyengineering.material010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesHalloysiteArticleDurabilityAnalytical ChemistryChitosanContact angleCitric acidchemistry.chemical_compoundQD241-441foodDrug DiscoveryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryTensile testingchemistry.chemical_classificationChitosanOptical propertiesHalloysite nanotubesOrganic ChemistryPolymer021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPectin0104 chemical scienceschemistryChemical engineeringChemistry (miscellaneous)engineeringMolecular MedicineWettingBiopolymer0210 nano-technologyMolecules
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Use of electronic nose to determine defect percentage in oils. Comparison with sensory panel results

2010

Abstract An electronic nose based on an array of 6 metal oxide semiconductor sensors was used, jointly with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and artificial neural network (ANN) method, to classify oils containing the five typical virgin olive oil (VOO) sensory defects (fusty, mouldy, muddy, rancid and winey). For this purpose, these defects, available as single standards of the International Olive Council, were added to refined sunflower oil. According to the LDA models and the ANN method, the defected samples were correctly classified. On the other hand, the electronic nose data was used to predict the defect percentage added to sunflower oil using multiple linear regression models. All …

food.ingredientOLIVE OILfoodOxide semiconductorSensory defectLinear regressionMaterials ChemistryStatistical analysisElectrical and Electronic EngineeringInstrumentationMathematicsElectronic nosebusiness.industrySunflower oilELECTRONIC NOSEMetals and AlloysPattern recognitionSTATISTICAL ANALYSISCondensed Matter PhysicsLinear discriminant analysisSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsSENSORY DEFECTSENSORY THRESHOLDArtificial intelligencebusinessOlive oil
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Fabrication of a Silicide Thermoelectric Module Employing Fractional Factorial Design Principles

2021

AbstractThermoelectric modules can be used in waste heat harvesting, sensing, and cooling applications. Here, we report on the fabrication and performance of a four-leg module based on abundant silicide materials. While previously optimized Mg2Si0.3Sn0.675Bi0.025 is used as the n-type leg, we employ a fractional factorial design based on the Taguchi methods mapping out a four-dimensional parameter space among Mnx-εMoεSi1.75−δGeδ higher manganese silicide compositions for the p-type material. The module is assembled using a scalable fabrication process, using a Cu metallization layer and a Pb-based soldering paste. The maximum power output density of 53 μW cm–2 is achieved at a hot-side temp…

fractional factorial designFabricationMaterials sciencesilicide thermoelectric modulebusiness.industryContact resistanceFractional factorial designCondensed Matter PhysicsThermoelectric materialsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsTaguchi methodschemistry.chemical_compoundThermoelectric generatorchemistryThermoelectric effectSilicideMaterials ChemistryOptoelectronicsElectrical and Electronic Engineeringbusiness
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Design and simulation of efficient combinational circuits based on a new XOR structure in QCA technology

2021

AbstractQuantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), due to its unique characteristics like low power consumption, nanoscale design, and high computing speed is considered as an emerging technology, and it can be used as an alternative for CMOS technology in circuit design for quantum computers in the near future. XOR gate has many applications in the design of digital circuits in QCA. In this paper, an efficient novel structure of XOR gate is proposed in QCA. Also, a novel 1-bit comparator circuit, 1-bit full adder, binary to gray and gray to binary convertor code based on the proposed XOR is designed and simulated using QCADesigner 2.0.3. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed stru…

full adderAdderComparatorComputer scienceCircuit designelektroniset piiritBinary numberHardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITYElectronic engineeringHardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITSElectrical and Electronic EngineeringHardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURESXOR gateCombinational logicDigital electronicsbusiness.industrykvanttitietokoneetkvanttilaskentaconverterAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsCMOSsoluautomaatitbusinessquantum-dot cellular automataXOR gatecomparatorHardware_LOGICDESIGN
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REFLEX Galaxy Cluster Survey catalogue

2004

We present the catalogue of the REFLEX Cluster Survey providing information on the X-ray properties, redshifts, and some identification details of the clusters in the REFLEX sample. The catalogue describes a statistically complete X-ray flux-limited sample of 447 galaxy clusters above an X-ray flux of 3x10^-12^erg/s/cm^2^ (0.1 to 2.4keV) in an area of 4.24ster in the southern sky. The cluster candidates were first selected by their X-ray emission in the ROSAT-All Sky Survey and subsequently spectroscopically identified in the frame of an ESO key programme. Previously described tests have shown that the sample is more than 90% complete and there is a conservative upper limit of 9% on the fra…

galactic and extragalactic astronomyAstrophysics and AstronomyAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaPhysicsOptical observationGalaxy clustersAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsSurveysX-ray sourcesobservational astronomyX ray sourcesNatural SciencescosmologyAstrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
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HAQ survey: red QSO candidates follow-up

2015

Quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) whose spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are reddened by dust either in their host galaxies or in intervening absorber galaxies are to a large degree missed by optical color selection criteria like the ones used by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). To overcome this bias against red QSOs, we employ a combined optical and near-infrared (near-IR) color selection. In this paper, we present a spectroscopic follow-up campaign of a sample of red candidate QSOs which were selected from the SDSS and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS). The spectroscopic data and SDSS/UKIDSS photometry are supplemented by mid-infrared photometry from the Wide-field Infrared S…

galactic and extragalactic astronomyAstrophysics and Astronomyhigh energy astrophysicsPhysicsAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsExtinctionRedshiftedSurveysstellar astronomyCosmologyOptical astronomyobservational astronomyPhotometryAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary AstrophysicsNatural SciencesSloan photometryQuasarsAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsSpectroscopy
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High-energy monitoring of NGC 4593 II. Broad-band spectral analysis: testing the two-corona model

2019

It is widely believed that the primary X-ray emission of AGN is due to the Comptonisation of optical-UV photons from a hot electron corona, while the origin of the 'soft-excess' is still uncertain and matter of debate. A second Comptonisation component, called warm corona, was therefore proposed to account for the soft-excess, and found in agreement with the optical-UV to X-ray emission of a sample of Seyfert galaxies. In this context, we exploit the broadband XMM-Newton and NuSTAR simultaneous observations of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4593 to further test the so called "two corona model". The NGC 4593 spectra are well reproduced by the model, from the optical/UV to the hard X-rays. Moreover, …

galaxie [X-rays]High energyPhotonAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenablack hole physicsgalaxies: activeFOS: Physical sciencesContext (language use)AstrophysicsAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics01 natural sciencesmagnetohydrodynamics (MHD)Spectral lineCorona (optical phenomenon)X-rays: binariesaccretionPrimary (astronomy)Seyfert [galaxies]0103 physical sciencesAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSpectral analysis010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsPhysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)individuals: (NGC 4593) [X-rays][SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]010308 nuclear & particles physicsaccretion disks[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE]Astronomy and AstrophysicsAstronomy and AstrophysicGalaxygalaxies: SeyfertX-rays: galaxiesISM: jets and outflowsSpace and Planetary Science[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]active [galaxies]Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]X-rays: individuals: (NGC 4593)
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A fully automatic method for biological target volume segmentation of brain metastases

2016

Leksell Gamma Knife is a mini-invasive technique to obtain a complete destruction of cerebral lesions delivering a single high dose radiation beam. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is increasingly utilized for radiation treatment planning. Nevertheless, lesion volume delineation in PET datasets is challenging because of the low spatial resolution and high noise level of PET images. Nowadays, the biological target volume (BTV) is manually contoured on PET studies. This procedure is time expensive and operator-dependent. In this article, a fully automatic algorithm for the BTV delineation based on random walks (RW) on graphs is proposed. The results are compared with the outcomes of…

gamma knifePET imagingcerebral tumors segmentation030218 nuclear medicine & medical imagingrandom walk03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineSegmentationElectrical and Electronic EngineeringRadiation treatment planningCluster analysisImage resolution1707Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi Di Elaborazione Delle Informazionimedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialbiological target volumePattern recognitionThresholdingElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsRegion growingPositron emission tomography030220 oncology & carcinogenesisbiological target volume cerebral tumors segmentation gamma knife PET imaging random walkComputer Vision and Pattern RecognitionArtificial intelligenceNuclear medicinebusinessSoftwareVolume (compression)International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology
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Triggering a transient organo-gelation system in a chemically active solvent

2021

A transient organo-gelation system with spatiotemporal dynamic properties is described. Here, the solvent actively controls a complex set of equilibria that underpin the dynamic assembly event. The observed metastability is due to the in situ formation of a secondary solvent, acting as an antagonist against the primary solvent of the organogel. peerReviewed

geelitPhysics::Biological PhysicsQuantitative Biology::BiomoleculesChemistryEvent (relativity)Metals and AlloysGeneral ChemistryCatalysisSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsSolventliukeneminenCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterChemical physicstermodynamiikkaMetastabilityMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesTransient (oscillation)Physics::Chemical Physicsorgaaniset yhdisteet
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Color induction via non-opponent lateral interactions in the human retina

1992

Retinal connections causing colors in Benham's top (pattern induced flicker colors, PIFCs) are investigated by psychophysical experiments. PIFCs are still seen when stimuli to different cones are demodulated selectively, indicating the involvement of non-opponent channels. PIFCs also occur on retinal areas next to those affected by modulated stimuli; further, both monochromat and dark-adapted trichromats perceive PIFCs which are achromatic. These additional findings point to horizontal cells as neuronal mediators of modulated excitation leading to PIFCs. The unspecifity of the postulated connection with respect to cone types agrees with anatomic findings of Boycott, B. B., Hopkins, J. M. an…

genetic structuresColor visionModels NeurologicalRetinaBenham's topFlicker Fusionchemistry.chemical_compoundOpticsPsychophysicsmedicinePsychophysicsHumansPhotoreceptor CellsNeuronsRetinabusiness.industryOptical illusionFlickerTrichromacyRetinalSensory SystemsOphthalmologymedicine.anatomical_structurePattern Recognition VisualchemistrySpectrophotometrybusinessPsychologyNeuroscienceColor PerceptionMathematicsVision Research
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