Search results for "optimal"

Bilevel heat exchanger network synthesis with an interactive multi-objective optimization method

2012

Abstract Heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS) has been an active research area for more than 40 years because well-designed heat exchanger networks enable heat recovery in process industries in an energy- and cost-efficient manner. Due to ever increasing global competition and need to decrease the harmful effects done on the environment, there still is a continuous need to improve the heat exchanger networks and their synthesizing methods. In this work we present a HENS method that combines an interactive multi-objective optimization method with a simultaneous bilevel HENS method, where the bilevel part of the method is based on grouping of process streams and building aggregate streams …

Comparison of wormlion behavior under man-made and natural shelters: urban wormlions more strongly prefer shaded, fine-sand microhabitats, construct …

2019

Abstract Urban habitats differ from their natural surroundings in various aspects, such as a higher temperature and a distinct species composition. It is therefore not surprising that animal behavior too differs between these habitat types. We studied the foraging and habitat selection behavior of a pit-building predator, a wormlion, originating from either an urban or a more natural site. Wormlions occur in nature under structures that provide shelter from sunlight and rain, such as caves, and are also common in cities, occurring under artificial shelters. Wormlions construct pit-traps to hunt arthropods, and the pits constructed by urban wormlions were larger than those constructed by wor…

Real-time optimal control of water distribution systems - Models and techniques, including intermittent supply conditions.

2014

Relaxation of a weakly discontinuous functional depending on one control function

2008

The paper considers an optimal control problem of the typewhere the set M of admissible controls consists of all measurable vector‐functions h, which can take only two values h1 or h2. It is shown that the relaxation of this problem can be explicitly computed by rank‐one laminates.

Kaksivuotiaiden lasten fonologisen kehityksen variaatio : puheen ymmärrettävyyden sekä sananmuotojen tavoittelun ja tuottamisen tarkastelu

2007

Torvelainen selvitti kaksivuotiaiden lasten fonologisen eli äänteellisen kehityksen variaatiota. Edistyneimmät kaksivuotiaat puhuivat lähes aikuismallisesti, kun taas heikoimpien lasten puhe poikkesi vielä suuresti aikuismallista. – Äänteellistä kehitystä tutkittaessa pitää ottaa huomioon lapsen sanavarasto. Jos kaksivuotiaalla on pieni sanasto, on normaalia, että hänen puheensa poikkeaa vielä paljon aikuismallisesta puheesta. Suuri sanavarasto puolestaan liittyi hyvin aikuismaiseen kieleen, Päivi Torvelainen kertoo.Edistyneimpien kaksivuotiaiden tuottamat sanat olivat niin aikuissanojen kaltaisia, että heidän puheestaan lasta tuntematon aikuinen ymmärsi lähes kaiken (96 %), kun taas heikoi…

Building a Paradise? : On the Quest for the Optimal Human Habitat

2017

Do humans have a natural habitat? If yes, is it the original habitat of early hominids or the most optimal environment for today’s humans? Are these two the same thing and, if not, what does ‘optimal habitat’ mean? I examine the concept of the optimal habitat from four viewpoints: 1) paradise; 2) urban design based on environmental psychology; 3) favorite places; and 4) environment as an invitation for action. I conclude that an optimal habitat is not a collection of more or less fixed elements but an environment that can be experienced as a beneficial feedback loop based on and responding to cognitive, emotional, aesthetic, and other needs. Different environments can prompt or hinder this …