Search results for "orologi"

Mapa pluviométrico del Servicio Meteorológico de la Federación Agraria de Levante

[1]. Distribución de lluvias en el invierno de 1915-16 -- [2]. Distribución de lluvias en el mes de diciembre de 1915 -- [3]. Distribución de lluvias en el mes de enero de 1916 -- [4]. Distribución de lluvias en el mes de febrero de 1916 -- [5]. Distribución de lluvias en marzo de 1916 desde el 1 al 28 -- [6]. Distribución de lluvias en el mes de abril de 1916 con inclusión de los tres últimos días -- [7]. Distribución de lluvias en el mes de mayo de 1916 -- [8]. Distribución de lluvias en los meses de junio, julio y agosto [9]. Distribución de lluvias en el mes de septiembre de 1916 -- [10]. Distribución de lluvias en 1 de octubre a 26 de noviembre de 1916 -- [11]. Distribución de lluvias …

www.climateofburundi.org

2010

Daily rainfall and air temperature data were collected by IGEBU. For a given station, the number of missing daily rainfall data, MRDm (days), was determined for each month of the recording period. The monthly rainfall depth, Pm (mm), and the monthly number of rainy days, NRDm (days),were determined for each month with a complete record of daily rainfall data. For a given month, Pm was obtained by summing the daily rainfall depth values and NRDm was obtained by counting the number of days of the month characterized by a daily rainfall depth greater than zero. The number of missing daily temperature data, MTDm (days), was also determined for each month of the recording period. The mean of the…

Multi-model ensemble simulations of olive pollen distribution in Europe in 2014

2017

Abstract. A 6-models strong European ensemble of Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) was run through the season of 2014 computing the olive pollen dispersion in Europe. The simulations have been compared with observations in 6 countries, members of the European Aeroallergen Network. Analysis was performed for individual models, the ensemble mean and median, and for a dynamically optimized combination of the ensemble members obtained via fusion of the model predictions with observations. The models, generally reproducing the olive season of 2014, showed noticeable deviations from both observations and each other. In particular, the season start was reported too early, by 8 days …

Wave energy assessment in Sicily (Italy)

2015

Abstract This research presents an estimation of wave energy potential in Sicily (Italy) carried out using both buoy wave measurements from Rete Ondametrica Nazionale (RON), the Italian Government wave buoy network, and wave parameter data by ERA-INTERIM, a recent meteorological reanalysis project of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Starting from these offshore data, we first identified the western part of Sicily as the area with a higher availability of offshore wave energy; subsequently, we selected a study area in the western part of the south coast and assessed the nearshore potential energy by performing propagation using a spectral model (SWAN). The near…

Scaling carbon fluxes from eddy covariance sites to globe: synthesis and evaluation of the FLUXCOM approach

2020

FLUXNET comprises globally distributed eddy-covariance-based estimates of carbon fluxes between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Since eddy covariance flux towers have a relatively small footprint and are distributed unevenly across the world, upscaling the observations is necessary to obtain global-scale estimates of biosphere–atmosphere exchange. Based on cross-consistency checks with atmospheric inversions, sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) and dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), here we provide a systematic assessment of the latest upscaling efforts for gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the FLUXCOM initiative, where different machine learning methods…

A comparison of HONO budgets for two measurement heights at a field station within the boreal forest in Finland

2015

Atmospheric concentrations of nitrous acid (HONO), one of the major precursors of the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the troposphere, significantly exceed the values predicted by the assumption of a photostationary state (PSS) during daytime. Therefore, additional sources of HONO were intensively investigated in the last decades. This study presents budget calculations of HONO based on simultaneous measurements of all relevant species, including HONO and OH at two different measurement heights, i.e. 1 m above the ground and about 2 to 3 m above the canopy (24 m above the ground), conducted in a boreal forest environment. We observed mean HONO concentrations of about 6.5 × 108 molecules cm−3 (26 p…

Comparison of evapotranspiration estimates by NOAA-AVHRR images and aircraft flux measurements in a semiarid region of Spain.

1998

Abstract This paper is intended to show how to aggregate two different remote-sensing techniques carried out in the framework of the European-Union funded project EFEDA (European Field Experiment in a Desertification-threatened Area). One of these is based on satellite measurements, and the other on aircraft flux measurements. The aim of putting together both methodologies was to determine regional evapotranspiration as a major component of the water balance in Castilla-La Mancha, a semiarid region in southeast Spain. The basis for the satellite approach is using temperature information collected by the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radio- meter (AVHRR) sensor on board the National Oceanic …

Implementation of non-local boundary layer schemes in the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System and its impact on simulated mesoscale circulations

2016

This paper proposes the implementation of different non-local Planetary Boundary Layer schemes within the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model. The two selected PBL parameterizations are the Medium-Range Forecast (MRF) PBL and its updated version, known as the Yonsei University (YSU) PBL. YSU is a first-order scheme that uses non-local eddy diffusivity coefficients to compute turbulent fluxes. It is based on the MRF, and improves it with an explicit treatment of the entrainment. With the aim of evaluating the RAMS results for these PBL parameterizations, a series of numerical simulations have been performed and contrasted with the results obtained using the Mellor and Yamada (M…

The summertime Boreal forest field measurement intensive (HUMPPA-COPEC-2010): an overview of meteorological and chemical influences

2011

This paper describes the background, instrumentation, goals, and the regional influences on the HUMPPACOPEC intensive field measurement campaign, conducted at the Boreal forest research station SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relation) in Hyyti¨al¨a, Finland from 12 July–12 August 2010. The prevailing meteorological conditions during the campaign are examined and contrasted with those of the past six years. Back trajectory analyses show that meteorological conditions at the site in 2010 were characterized by a higher proportion of southerly flow than in the other years studied. As a result the summer of 2010 was anomalously warm and high in ozone making the campaign rel…

HAPEX-Sahel

1997

The variation in evaporative fraction and actual evaporation is examined for three sample days in the HAPEX-Sahel Intensive Observation Period (IOP), including data from all the vegetation types and sites. The trends in evaporative fraction over the IOP are also presented for eight sites. The high rate of evaporation from bare soil in the days following rainfall produces a variability in evaporation which makes differences between sites difficult to interpret on a day-to-day basis, but over the whole IOP it is shown that the millet uses a smaller proportion of the available energy for evaporation than the tiger bush or fallow savannah. The combined effect of differences in the total energy …