Search results for "p-value"

showing 3 items of 23 documents

A critical evaluation of the current “p-value controversy”

2017

This article has been triggered by the initiative launched in March 2016 by the Board of Directors of the American Statistical Association (ASA) to counteract the current p-value focus of statistical research practices that allegedly "have contributed to a reproducibility crisis in science." It is pointed out that in the very wide field of statistics applied to medicine, many of the problems raised in the ASA statement are not as severe as in the areas the authors may have primarily in mind, although several of them are well-known experts in biostatistics and epidemiology. This is mainly due to the fact that a large proportion of medical research falls under the realm of a well developed bo…

Statistics and ProbabilityOperations researchInferenceGeneral MedicineMedical research01 natural sciences010104 statistics & probability03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineEmpirical researchRealm030212 general & internal medicinep-value0101 mathematicsStatistics Probability and UncertaintyBiostatisticsPositive economicsNull hypothesisStatistical hypothesis testingMathematicsBiometrical Journal
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Estadística en física de partícules: El seu paper en el descobriment del bosó de Higgs

2014

L’estadistica ha representat un paper d’enorme importancia en el desenvolupament de la fisica de particules, pionera de l’anomenada «gran ciencia». La seua aplicacio ha evolucionat al compas dels progressos tecnologics, que han permes passar de registrar uns pocs centenars de «successos» a registrar-ne milers de milions. Aquest article discuteix sobre com s’ha resolt el problema de la manipulacio d’aquestes quantitats massives de dades i com s’han utilitzat les principals eines estadistiques des dels anys 1990 per a cercar senyals cada vegada mes petits ocults entre un soroll de fons cada vegada major. Molts experiments en la historia de la fisica de particules podrien il·lustrar el paper q…

bosó de Higgsestadística; Monte Carlo; p-valor; física de partícules; bosó de HiggsMultidisciplinarystatistics; Monte Carlo; p-value; particle physics; Higgs bosonHiggs bosonparticle physics; statisticsp-valueestadística; física de partículesbosón de Higgsestadísticafísica de partículasHistory and Philosophy of Sciencestatisticsestadística; Monte Carlo; p-valor; física de partículas; bosón de Higgsfísica de partículesparticle physicsfísica de partículas; estadísticap-valorMonte Carlo
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The Tax Justice Network-Africa v Cabinet Secretary for National Treasury & 2 Others: A Big Win for Tax Justice Activism?

2019

This paper develops an optimization model for selecting a large subsample that improves the representativeness of a simple random sample previously obtained from a population larger than the population of interest. The problem formulation involves convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (convex MINLP) and is therefore NP-hard. However, the solution is found by maximizing the “constant of proportionality” – in other words, maximizing the size of the subsample taken from a stratified random sample with proportional allocation – and restricting it to a p-value high enough to achieve a good fit to the population of interest using Pearson’s chi-square goodness-of-fit test. The beauty of the m…

education.field_of_studyPopulationStatisticsChi-square testSample (statistics)p-valueeducationSimple random sampleRepresentativeness heuristicStratified samplingMathematicsNonlinear programmingSSRN Electronic Journal
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