Search results for "pathogen"
showing 10 items of 1657 documents
The Significance of Stilbene-Type Phytoalexin Degradation by Culture Filtrates of Botrytis Cinerea in the Vine-Botrytis Interaction
1993
Phytoalexins, antimicrobial compounds, synthesized by a plant in response to infection or a variety of stresses are known to be the most efficient way by which grapevines withstand an attack by Botrytis cinerea Pers., the causal organism for grey mould. In that plant, such responses include the production of a simple stilbene, resveratrol, and the biosynthetically related compounds, viniferins and pterostilbene. If stilbene-type phytoalexins represent a contributory factor in the resistance of grapevines to B.cinerea, the capacity of the pathogen to metabolize antifungal compounds released by the host could also play a significant role in the outcome of the interaction between grapevines an…
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of celiac disease and non-celiac gluten (wheat) sensitivity
2021
Abstract While in the past, celiac disease (CD) was considered the only clinical entity caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing grains, now there is evidence that a spectrum of gluten-related disorders, including also wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten (wheat) sensitivity (NCGS/NCWS), exists. The prevalence of gluten-related disorders is rising, and increasing numbers of individuals are empirically trying a gluten-free diet for a variety of signs and symptoms. CD is a gluten-induced immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by a specific genetic genotype [human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes] and autoantibodies (antitissue transglutaminase and antiendomysial). NCGS/NCWS…
Novel host-specific iron acquisition system in the zoonotic pathogenVibrio vulnificus
2015
Summary Vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterium associated with human and fish (mainly farmed eels) diseases globally known as vibriosis. The ability to infect and overcome eel innate immunity relies on a virulence plasmid (pVvbt2) specific for biotype 2 (Bt2) strains. In the present study, we demonstrated that pVvbt2 encodes a host-specific iron acquisition system that depends on an outer membrane receptor for eel transferrin called Vep20. The inactivation of vep20 did not affect either bacterial growth in human plasma or virulence for mice, while bacterial growth in eel blood/plasma was abolished and virulence for eels was significantly impaired. Furthermore, vep20 is an iron-regulated ge…
Fragments of β-thymosin from the sea urchinParacentrotus lividusas potential antimicrobial peptides against staphylococcal biofilms
2012
The immune mediators in echinoderms can be a potential source of novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) applied toward controlling pathogenic staphylococcal biofilms that are intrinsically resistant to conventional antibiotics. The peptide fraction <5 kDa from the cytosol of coelomocytes of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (5-CC) was tested against a group of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen reference strains. The 5-CC of P. lividus was active against all planktonic-tested strains but also showed antibiofilm properties against staphylococcal strains. Additionally, we demonstrated the presence of three small peptides in the 5-CC belonging to segment 9-41 of a P. lividusβ-thymosin. T…
Biological control ofBotrytis cinereacausing grey mould disease of grapevine and elicitation of stilbene phytoalexin (resveratrol) by a soil bacterium
1998
Botrytis cinerea Pers. was found to be highly pathogenic to the grapevine plant, producing the characteristic grey mould symptoms within 7 days of inoculation on vitroplants. A bacterial strain, isolated from soil, belonging to the genus Bacillus was found to be an antagonist of this disease causing fungus. The fungal attack on the grapevine acts as an elicitor to the production of phytoalexines like resveratrol. This compound was also formed when the leaves of the grapevine vitroplants were inoculated with the bacteria alone, and this activity was enhanced when a mixture of the pathogen and the antagonist bacteria was applied. Since resveratrol in wine is considered to be beneficial to hum…
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and Plasmalogens in diabetics
2012
Purpose Plasmalogens (PLS) are phospholipids characterized by a vinyl ether bond and a preferential esterification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We have previously shown that the lack of PLS leads to retinal hyper-capillarization. We hypothesize that PLS are negative regulators of vascular development, and aimed to check their circulating levels in diabetic patients. Methods Blood samples were collected from 88 patients and 14 control subjects. Among diabetics we had 14 patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR), 12 with a mild non proliferative DR, 12 with a moderate non proliferative DR, 22 with a severe non proliferative DR and 24 with a proliferative DR (PDR). Erythrocytes were…
Phenazine antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt
2009
Natural disease-suppressive soils provide an untapped resource for the discovery of novel beneficial microorganisms and traits. For most suppressive soils, however, the consortia of microorganisms and mechanisms involved in pathogen control are unknown. To date, soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt disease has been ascribed to carbon and iron competition between pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and resident non-pathogenic F. oxysporum and fluorescent pseudomonads. In this study, the role of bacterial antibiosis in Fusarium wilt suppressiveness was assessed by comparing the densities, diversity and activity of fluorescent Pseudomonas species producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) (phlD+) …
Osoby cierpiące na zaburzenia psychiczne
2022
Systematic research about mental illnesses has been conducted for many years in Poland and all around the world. Many studies of this topic have been conducted since then. The following work presents an overview of results of studies about mental illnesses – definitione of the concept, Classification of disorders as well as problems of stigmatization and self-stigma in the modern world. The analysis of reports to date shows that every fourth Pole in working age has experienced a mental disorder at least once in his life, and the most numerous group of Poles are addicts, which is about 3.3 million Poles. People suffering from neuroses are in second place and people suffering from mood disord…
Serological and molecular characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 3: evidence for high clonality.
2007
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 3 has been implicated as the causative pathogen of an ongoing disease outbreak that erupted in Israel in 1996. Recent work based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed that V. vulnificus biotype 3 is genetically homogeneous. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of subpopulations within this homogeneous biotype by characterizing the surface antigens and analysing the sequence diversity of selected outer-membrane protein (OMP)-encoding genes. Rabbit antisera were prepared against biotype 1, 2 and 3 strains. The results of the slide-agglutination test, dot-blot assay (using fresh and boiled cells), and immunoblotting of lipopolysaccharides (LPS…