Search results for "pathogen"

Collagenolytic proteinases in keratoconus.

2006

To study the proteolytic phenomena contributing to the pathogenesis of keratoconus, corneal enzymes with potential to cleave fibrillar collagen were studied.Immunohistochemical labeling was undertaken of conventional and novel mammalian collagenases (MMP-1, -2, -8, -13, and -14) of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and other collagenolytic proteinases of the serine (human trypsin-2) and cysteine (cathepsin K) endoproteinase families. The results were analyzed using a semiquantitative scoring system.Labeling of MMP-8 was moderate in healthy controls, but weak in keratoconus. Moderate MMP-2 and weak MMP-14 expressions were similar in controls and keratoconus. MMP-1 was slightly overex…

Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) - an important cause of the oligohydramnion-sequence

2000

Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is a disorder characterized by neonatal renal failure and regular gross renal architecture, although the histological features of immature and shortened proximal tubules lead to neonatal death. The pathogenesis of this condition includes a congenital familial condition, a twin-twin transfusion syndrome, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor intake by the mother. The clinical picture shows an association with oligohydramnia, pulmonary hypoplasia, and skull ossification defects. In the present paper, we report the occurrence of RTD in three infants of a consanguinous couple and compared our data with those of the literature. Our data confirm that late s…

TD-09 IL-34 promotes macrophage-mediated lupus nephritis in MRL-Faslpr mice

2018

Background Nephritis is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with lupus. Macrophages (Mo) are central to kidney destruction in lupus-prone mice and patients. CSF-1, and the newly identified IL-34, mediate Mo survival and proliferation. However, IL-34 and CSF-1 differ during development and disease. While CSF-1 and IL-34 share the CSF-1 receptor (cFMS), expressed by Mo, IL-34 binds to a second receptor, Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase ζ (PTPRZ) in inflamed kidneys. Intra-renal IL-34, cFMS, and PTPRZ are increased during the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL-Faslpr mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-34 is a potential therapeutic target for lupus nephritis. Methods and…

OP0299 Serum and glomerular expression of IL32 in lupus nephritis

2017

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several cytokines and chemokines are secreted locally in case of glomerular inflammation. Interleukin 32 (IL32) is a newly described cytokine that exhibits several properties typical of proinflammatory cytokines. Ex vivo and in vitro studies supported the role of Toll like receptors (TLRs) in LN pathogenesis and recent investigations demonstrated that Poly I:C, a ligand for (TLR) 3, strongly induced IL32 production from several cell populations. Objectives To investigate serum and urinary levels of IL32 in a cohort of LN patients compared to SLE patients without renal involvement and he…

The Expanding Spectrum of Mutations in Hereditary Angioedema.

2021

The evolution in the knowledge of rare genetic diseases such as hereditary angioedema (HAE) has increased at a parallel pace with the development of new molecular tools. The deficiency of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) has been recognized as the main cause of HAE (HAE-C1-INH) since the 1960s, but the discovery of the wide spectrum of mutations affecting the C1-INH gene (SERPING1) was possible only from the late 1980s, when Sanger sequencing became available and more accessible worldwide. Nevertheless, the involvement of other genes in HAE was discovered only in 2006 with the description of mutations in the F12 gene in patients with HAE and normal C1-INH. In the last 3 years, advanced next-generation…

Involvement of IL-6 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colon Cancer

2005

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which consists of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is defined as a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinbal tract. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of IBD are still not completely understood, and the therapeutic strategies used thus far have been limited to mostly evidence-based principles. There is growing evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 plays a crucial part in the uncontrolled intestinal inflammatory process, which is a main characteristic of IBD. There is elevated production of IL-6 and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) by intestinal macrophages and CD4+ T-cells. The increased formation of …

Induction of Regulatory T Cells in Leishmania major‒Infected BALB/c Mice Does Not Require Langerin+ Dendritic Cells

2021

Drought-induced positive feedback in xylophagous insects: Easier invasion of Scots pine leading to greater investment in immunity of emerging individ…

2012

Abstract We studied the infestation rate of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris by xylophagous insects in relation to distance from forest lakes in eastern Latvia, northern Europe. In summers of 2008 and 2009, we felled 72 pines of approximately 65 years age. Sections of the logs were incubated in insect emergence traps. The trees located near lakes were significantly less infested by xylophagous insects than those sampled at greater distances from the lakes. We also tested the ability of Tomicus piniperda , the most abundant species of xylophagous insects in our samples, to resist the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana . The results show that beetles captured near lakes were more susceptib…

Biological Responses of <I>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</I> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to <I>Steinernema carpocapsae</I> (Nemat…

2013

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier 1790) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is becoming a serious problem in Mediterranean areas where it is well-adapted, and now is present even in the United States (California). The infestations are primarily in urban areas where chemical control is not advisable and million of Euros are spent to control it. The effects of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) on mortality, growth, as well as the immune activity of R. ferrugineus larvae, were investigated. R. ferrugineus mortality exhibited a positive trend with the dosage and duration of exposure to S. carpocapsae. The median lethal dose and median lethal time, impor…

Infection of Bois-Noir tuf-type-I stolbur phytoplasma inHyalesthes obsoletus(Hemiptera: Cixiidae) larvae and influence on larval size

2009

Recent dramatic spread of the grapevine yellows disease Bois Noir (BN) in Germany is above all explained by highly increased abundances of the vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) associated to the plant Urtica dioica, the reservoir of the BN pathogen stolbur tuf-type-I. The vector acquires BN-phytoplasma as larvae whilst feeding on the roots of infected U. dioica. To understand the dynamics of the Urticacycle, we tested at what instar larvae become infected and whether infection affects larvae size (i.e. growth) at two sites in the Mosel Valley, Germany. Larvae were tested from infected plants and collected at instar-stages 3, 4 and 5. Larvae at stage 3 were already infected b…