Search results for "pause"

Female Vascular Senescence

2012

Long before the existence of cardiovascular imaging, Sir William Osler axiom that “man is as old as his arteries”. Followed by several physicians for decades, this aphorism has been widely confirmed by studies demonstrating that risk factors for cardiovascular disease increase as we age (Cooper et al., 1994; Lakatta & Levy, 2003). Nevertheless, a flaw in this statement is the generalization that men and women age similarly. Much data from clinical and basic research have established that vascular aging in women does not follow the same chronology as in men (Shaw et al., 2006; Pereira et al., 2010; Takenouchi et al., 2009). If known risk factors that influence cardiovascular aging are exclud…

Genitale Blutungen in der Menopause mit besonderer Ber�cksichtigung der glandul�r-cystischen Hyperplasie

1950

Bei 245 Fallen mit Blutungen nach mindestens 3jahriger Menopause handelt es sich in 95% um eine uterine Blutung. Davon war in 43,75% ein maligner Tumor die Ursache. In 9,6% war das histologische Substrat eine glandular-cystische Schleimhaut, deren histologisches Bild nicht gegen das des diffusen Korpusadenoms abzugrenzen ist. Es wird daher diskutiert, ob diese Bilder immer die Folge eines Follikelhormonuberschusses seien, ob es sich nicht vielmehr in der spaten Menopause in einem Teil der Falle um einen gutartigen autonomen Tumor handelt. Bei 9 Fallen mit glandular-cystischer Schleimhaut nach Hormontherapie und Granulosazelltumor (1 Fall) fiel die nur schwache Cystenbildung im Gegensatz zu …

Sonographic size of uterus and ovaries in pre- and postmenopausal women

1996

Uterine and ovarian size were measured in 765 pre- and postmenopausal women by transvaginal ultrasound. Of these, 263 (premenopausal, n = 155; postmenopausal, n = 108) were found to have neither uterine nor ovarian pathological findings. According to parity, premenopausal women were separated into three groups: nullipara, primipara and multipara. Postmenopausal women were separated into two groups according to years since menopause: 5 years since menopause. In the premenopausal group, a parity-related enlargement in uterine size was observed between nulliparous and parous women. After the menopause, a significant reduction in uterine size and in the corpus-cervix ratio was observed. The red…

The effect of environmental uncertainty and diapause investment on the occurrence of specialist and generalist species

2014

The evolution of specialist and generalist strategies is a central topic in ecology with strong implications for the biodiversity and structure of communities. Environmental unpredictability has been suggested as a key factor affecting the relative advantages of generalist species. However, life cycle features, like diapause, can also play a major role in the competitive dynamics between generalists and specialists. Zooplanktonic communities of continental waters are suitable models to study this; they inhabit water bodies that vary temporally with different degrees of uncertainty and rely on the production of diapause stages to survive across the year. We developed a simple theoretical mod…

Extreme tolerance to environmental stress of sexual and parthenogenetic resting eggs ofEucypris virens(Crustacea, Ostracoda)

2012

Summary 1. The freshwater ostracod (Ostracoda), Eucypris virens, is commonly found in European temporary pools, where its long-term persistence completely relies on the build-up of resting egg banks. Extreme tolerance of dormant eggs and seeds is widely assumed, but freshwater ostracod eggs are relatively poorly studied. The study of ostracod resting eggs is of particular relevance as it may yield the key to understanding the distribution of the sexes in many species capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction. 2. We assessed the tolerance of dried resting eggs produced by females originating from three populations with males and three all-female E. virens populations. Hatching time and…

2021

OBJECTIVE To investigate long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes over time in younger compared to older disease-free breast cancer survivors who participated in a prospective randomized exercise trial. METHODS Survivors (aged 35-68 years) were randomized to a 12-month exercise trial after adjuvant treatment and followed up for ten years. HRQoL was assessed with the generic 15D instrument during follow-up and the younger (baseline age ≤ 50) and older (age >50) survivors' HRQoL was compared to that of the age-matched general female population (n = 892). The analysis included 342 survivors. RESULTS The decline of HRQoL compared to the population was steeper and recovery slower…

Dehydration potential of ultrathin clouds at the tropical tropopause

2003

[1] We report on the first simultaneous in situ and remote measurements of subvisible cirrus in the uppermost tropical troposphere. The observed cirrus, called UTTCs ( ultrathin tropical tropopause clouds), are the geometrically (200-300 m) and optically (t approximate to 10(-4)) thinnest large-scale clouds ever sampled (approximate to10(5) km(2)). UTTCs consist of only a few ice particles per liter with mean radius approximate to5 mum, containing only 1-5 % of the total water. Yet, brief adiabatic cooling events only 1-2 K below mean ambient temperature destabilize UTTCs, leading to large sedimenting particles (r approximate to 25 mm). Due to their extreme altitude above 17 km and low part…

HNO3 partitioning in cirrus clouds

1999

During the 1997 POLSTAR-1 winter campaign in northern Sweden a flight was performed across a cold trough of air (similar or equal to 196 K) in the tropopause region. Measurements of total water vapour, nitric acid, particles and reactive nitrogen (NOy) were taken. The particle measurements indicate that about 3% of the particles in the moist tropospheric air were ice particles. Forward and backward facing NOy inlets were used simultaneously to determine condensed phase HNO3. The combined NOy and particle measurements reveal that less than 1% of a monolayer of NOy could have resided on the ice particles. This casts doubt on the hypothesis that sedimenting cirrus particles generally lead to a…

Upper tropospheric water vapour and its interaction with cirrus clouds as seen from IAGOS long-term routine in-situ observations

2017

IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) performs long-term routinein situobservations of atmospheric chemical composition (O3, CO, NOx, NOy, CO2, CH4), water vapour, aerosols, clouds, and temperature on a global scale by operating compact instruments on board of passenger aircraft. The unique characteristics of the IAGOS data set originate from the global scale sampling on air traffic routes with similar instrumentation such that the observations are truly comparable and well suited for atmospheric research on a statistical basis. Here, we present the analysis of 15 months of simultaneous observations of relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice) and ice crystal number …

In situ and lidar observations of tropopause subvisible cirrus clouds during TC4

2010

[1] During the Tropical Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling (TC4) experiment in July–August 2007, the NASA WB-57F and ER-2 aircraft made coordinated flights through a tropopause subvisible cirrus (SVC) layer off the Pacific Coast of Central America. The ER-2 aircraft was equipped with a remote sensing payload that included the cloud physics lidar (CPL). The WB-57F payload included cloud microphysical and trace gas measurements, and the aircraft made four vertical profiles through the SVC layer shortly after the ER-2 flew over. The in situ and remotely sensed data are used to quantify the meteorological and microphysical properties of the SVC layer, and these data are compared to the l…