Search results for "pause"

Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs): II. Stabilization mechanisms

2003

Abstract. Mechanisms by which subvisible cirrus clouds (SVCs) might contribute to dehydration close to the tropical tropopause are not well understood. Recently Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs) with optical depths around 10-4 have been detected in the western Indian ocean. These clouds cover thousands of square kilometers as 200-300 m thick distinct and homogeneous layer just below the tropical tropopause. In their condensed phase UTTCs contain only 1-5% of the total water, and essentially no nitric acid. A new cloud stabilization mechanism is required to explain this small fraction of the condensed water content in the clouds and their small vertical thickness. This work sugges…

A numerical study of tropical cross-tropopause transport by convective overshoots

2007

Abstract. Observations obtained during the Tropical Convection, Cirrus and Nitrogen Oxides (TROCCINOX) golden day have revealed the presence of ice particles up to 410 K (18.2 km) 2 km above the local tropopause. The case was investigated using a three-dimensional quadruply nested non-hydrostatic simulation and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) observations. The simulation reproduced the measurements along the flight track fairly well. A reasonable agreement with MSG observations was also achieved: the 10.8-μm brightness temperature (BT) minimum of 187 K was reproduced (a value 6 K colder than the environmental cold-point temperature) as was the positive BT difference between the 6.2- and 10…

Patterns in rotifer diapausing egg banks: Density and viability

2006

Here we present a quantitative study on the density, age and viability of the diapausing egg banks of the rotifer species complex Brachionus plicatilis in the sediments of 15 water bodies from Eastern Spain. Sampled ponds, located in coastal and inland areas, varied in salinity and ranged in size, depth and permanence. By identifying ‘hatched’, ‘deteriorated’ and ‘viable’ diapausing eggs in the sediment samples, we estimated production, hatching and deterioration in relation to the habitat properties of each pond. Our results indicate the presence of large numbers of diapausing eggs in the sediments of almost all of the ponds studied (2–115 eggs cm −2 ). Inland ponds tended to have higher d…

Energy use, diapause behaviour and northern range expansion potential in the invasive Colorado potato beetle

2011

Summary 1. As organisms expand their range towards northern latitudes they will encounter selective factors like harsh winter conditions. The ability to cope with and adapt to harsh winters may depend on the variability and evolutionary potential of relevant traits. 2. One adaptation in insects is winter diapause. It is characterized by changes in physiology, behaviour or in both. Physiological changes include lowered metabolic rate that enhances survival by saving limited energy reserves during overwintering. Active behavioural changes like burrowing into the soil allow individuals to escape harsh conditions. 3. We examined variation in overwintering body mass, resting metabolic rate (CO2 …

A simple model relating habitat features to a diapause egg bank

2006

As a way to escape from adverse conditions, many zooplankton populations produce diapausing eggs that accumulate in the sediments and hatch when suitable environmental conditions are restored. While buried in the sediment, diapausing eggs may be affected by several processes (i.e., production, hatching, deterioration, and loss). We present a simple mathematical model for the dynamics of diapausing eggs in the sediment. We were mainly inspired by the model organism Brachionus plicatilis, a cyclical parthenogen rotifer, but the model is applicable to other zooplankters. Three diapausing egg categories are used as variables in our model: (1) healthy-looking eggs, assumed to represent the fract…

Bone Density, Balance and Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women Taking Alendronate Participating in Different Physical Activity Programs

2010

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Background: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different physical activity (PA) programs on bone density, balance and quality of life of postmenopausal women taking concomitant alendronate. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 35 volunteers divided into four groups: practitioners of resistance training (RTG, n = 9, 49.8±4.2 years), judo (JUG, n = 11, 52.2±5.3 years), water aerobics (WAG, n = 8, 57.1±7.4 years) and the control group (CG, n = 7, 53.8±4.4 years). Methods: The following assessment tools were used: bone mineral density (BMD) measured by d…

Sexual behaviors and function during menopausal transition—does menopausal hormonal therapy play a role?

2020

Objectives: The menopausal transition is a biological adaptation to the variety of life changes (body, comorbidities, relationship), but that biology is not an “end all” in the context of sexual function and overall sexual health. The aim of this study is to evaluate determinants altering the risk of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and other sexual problems and to establish whether menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) decreases that risk and modifies sexual behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 210 women between the ages of 45 and 55. Two groups were identified: MHT users (n = 107) and controls—MHT non-users (n = 103). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of M…

Comment on "Effects of Elastic Resistance Band Exercise on Postural Balance, Estrogen, Bone Metabolism Index, and Muscle Strength of Perimenopausal P…

2017

Climate Change Effects on Agricultural Insect Pests in Europe

2015

Abstract In this chapter, we will discuss observations of climate change effects on agricultural pests in Europe, the possible mechanisms behind these observed effects and finally delve into more detail through some relatively well studied model species (the Colorado potato beetle and the rape beetle). Direct effects of climate change on agricultural pests in Europe are difficult to dissect from all the human-induced changes that have taken place in parallel with an increased mean annual temperature. During the past decade, agriculture has become more professionalized in terms of land use, crop cultivation techniques and pest management strategies. We review the effect of climate change on …

Collagen overglycosylation: a biochemical feature that may contribute to bone quality.

2005

Skeletal ability to resist mechanical stress is determined by bone amount and quality, which relies on macro- and micro-architecture, turnover, bone matrix, and mineralisation; the role of collagen has not been clearly elucidated. Numerous post-translational steps are involved in collagen type I biosynthesis, including residue hydroxylation and glycosylation catalysed by enzymes that work until the protein folds forming the triple helix; therefore, folding rate regulates these processes. Overglycosylated hydroxylysines are poor substrates for epsilon-amino group deamination which initiates cross-link formation. Three clinical conditions associated with fractures may relate collagen overglyc…