Search results for "pedestrian"
showing 10 items of 71 documents
Head, chest and femur injury in teenage pedestrian–SUV crash; mass influence on the speeds
2018
This work studies the teenage pedestrian–sport utility vehicle (SUV) crash; injury to the vital parts of the body, such as the head and chest, and to the femur is evaluated. More advanced injury criteria are applied, as provided in the rules. The multibody technique is applied by making use of SimWise software and of the teenager anthropomorphic model, the use of which is now consolidated. Head injury criterion (HIC) is used for the head, thoracic trauma index (TTI) criterion for the thorax in the case of side impact and 3 ms criterion in the case of frontal impact, while the force criterion is used for the femur. Both the TTI and femur load evaluation require non-substantial modifications…
Human settlement dynamics and alluvial dynamics of the Rhine River during the Holocene: Geoarchaeology of the site of Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin, France).
2007
The relationship between alluvial dynamics and control parameters such as climate are well known and understood at plurimillennial and pluriannual time-scales. But it is not really the case at multicentennial and multidecennal time-scales compatible with human society settlement time-scales. In a present and near future context, when human settlement may be affected by strong climatic variation, alluvial dynamics understanding is however a major centre of attention to the development of efficient models. To approach this scale-related question, a segment of the Upper Rhine River presenting both anastomosed and braided was investigated. This area also gives us the opportunity to study settle…
Conversion of Existing Roundabouts into Turbo-Roundabouts: Case Studies from Real World
2012
Compared with roundabouts the main advantages of turbo-roundabouts are the reduction in the number of potential conflicting points and the lower speed of vehicles passing through the intersection, they both can improve safety conditions at the junction. Moreover, the physical delimitation among lanes limits the side-by-side accident risk. These aspects make turbo-roundabouts more appropriate than roundabouts when a higher level of safety has to be guaranteed, particularly in presence of relevant pedestrian and two-wheels traffic volumes. The present paper has three main objectives: (1) to discuss general design criteria and functional principles of turbo roundabouts, (2) to give the geometr…
Understanding Safety-Related Issues for Pedestrians at Modern Roundabouts
2012
This paper examines the safety-related issues for pedestrians at modern roundabouts. For this purpose findings of research studies documented in the scientific literature and best practices have been examined trying to focus on roundabout installations by a pedestrians safety perspective. Whereas one of the main reasons for which roundabouts are built is related to safety benefits, roundabout design features and implications in road casualties have been commented first to evaluate the influence of roundabouts on pedestrian safety and then to identify design elements that have such a high potential for traffic safety. At last, measures and treatments that can be taken in the roundabouts desi…
Indicators for sustainable pedestrian mobility
2012
Pedestrians walk everyday to satisfy their basic necessities. They need an environment that reflects their requirements and expectations, in other words "liveable" as much as possible. So we should offer tools that could allow a complete and clear evaluation of the existing walking environment, taking into account both pedestrian requirements and urban environment schemes. To measure pedestrian mobility performance we usually use indicators, which measure performances and grant a quick estimation of progress. Indicators are universally acknowledged synthetic and standard parameters that should help policy makers gauge whether things are going in the right direction or not. They should be ou…
PV-Alert: Fog Computing based Architecture for Safeguarding Vulnerable Road Users
2018
High volumes of pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users (VRUs) have much higher casualty rates per mile; not surprising given their lack of protection from an accident. In order to alleviate the problem, sensing capabilities of smartphones can be used to detect, warn and safeguard these road users. In this research we propose an infrastructure-less fog-based architecture named PV-Alert (Pedestrian-Vehicle Alert) where fog nodes process delay sensitive data obtained from smartphones for alerting pedestrians and drivers before sending the data to the cloud for further analysis. Fog computing is considered in developing the architecture since it is an emerging paradigm that has p…
Context-Aware Model Applied to Hog Descriptor for People Detection
2018
International audience; This work proposes and implements a method based on Context-Aware Visual Attention Model (CAVAM), but modifying the method in such way that the detection algorithm is replaced by Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG). After reviewing different algorithms for people detection, we select HOG method because it is a very well known algorithm, which is used as a reference in virtually all current research studies about automatic detection. In addition, it produces accurate results in significantly less time than many algorithms. In this way, we show that CAVAM model can be adapted to other methods for object detection besides Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), as …
Have information technologies forgotten pedestrians?
2018
Worldwide, pedestrians make up close to half of all motor-vehicle related fatalities but disproportionally little of the research in Information Technologies (IT) in general and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in particular has aimed at pedestrian safety improvements. This paper analyses and compiles three different ways so that IT and ITS can be used in order to improve mobility and safety of pedestrians in urban spaces: (a) for contacting and/or being localized, (b) for guidance (leading/navigating), (c) for alerting or informing of a danger. The aim is to categorize recent experiences where ITS can improve pedestrians’ mobility and safety so that new ideas based on ITS will be d…
A Dataset of Annotated Omnidirectional Videos for Distancing Applications
2021
Omnidirectional (or 360°) cameras are acquisition devices that, in the next few years, could have a big impact on video surveillance applications, research, and industry, as they can record a spherical view of a whole environment from every perspective. This paper presents two new contributions to the research community: the CVIP360 dataset, an annotated dataset of 360° videos for distancing applications, and a new method to estimate the distances of objects in a scene from a single 360° image. The CVIP360 dataset includes 16 videos acquired outdoors and indoors, annotated by adding information about the pedestrians in the scene (bounding boxes) and the distances to the camera of some point…
Critical features about urban pedestrian crossings: a case study
2011
This paper describes how the theme of safety for vulnerable road users (disabled, elderly, and children) in urban areas plays an important role for many implications in these users’ quality of life. The deficiency of safety on city streets is primarily due to the simultaneous presence of different components of traffic in an increasingly complex and inappropriate surrounding for their cohabitation. In urban areas the road intersections, which are crossed by different categories of traffic (motorized vehicles, pedestrians, non-motorized vehicles), represent a critical node, both in terms of quality of circulation and that of road safety. In recent years , 76% of accidents have occurred in th…