Search results for "penetration"
showing 10 items of 168 documents
Importance and methodologies of endodontic microleakage studies: A systematic review
2017
Introduction It is very important to obtain a tight seal in obturated root canal, making it necessary to conduct clinical or laboratory studies on the sealability of endodontic materials. Different methodologies have been historically used to assess microleakage of different endodontic materials. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively review different material testing methods used in microleakage studies, their interpretation and importance in endodontic literature. Material and methods A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. In addition, the reference lists of review articles on the topic were searched. No language restriction was …
Microleakage in Class II composite restorations with margins below the CEJ: in vitro evaluation of different restorative techniques.
2012
Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage in "deep" Class II composite restorations with gingival cavosurface margin below the CEJ (cemento-enamel junction) and restored with different techniques. Study Design: Fifty human teeth were used. In each tooth two standardized Class II slot cavities (on mesial and on distal surfaces) were prepared: the buccolingual extension of the cavities was 4 mm; the gingival wall was located in dentin/cementum (2 mm beyond the CEJ). The prepared teeth were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups (of 10 specimens and 20 cavities each) and restored. Group 1: Filtek TM Supreme XTE Flowable (3MESPE) + Universal Filtek Supr…
Marginal integrity of class V restorations: SEM versus dye penetration.
2006
To perform an in vitro investigation on the marginal integrity of different adhesives (Optibond FL, Scotchbond 1XT, Clearfil SE Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, S(3) Bond, iBond exp., Adper Prompt L-Pop) in combination with Tetric Ceram as well as an experimental silorane-restorative (Hermes, Hermes Bond; 3M ESPE) using SEM and dye penetration (2% methylene blue) in a comparative manner.Standardized class V-cavities (3 mm x 1.5 mm) were prepared in 70 extracted human teeth (n=10). The adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. The cavities were restored with three increments. After finishing and polishing (Sof-Lex discs) and thermocycling (5000x, 5/55 degrees C), replicas wer…
Marginal integrity of different resin-based composites for posterior teeth: an in vitro dye-penetration study on eight resin-composite and compomer-/…
2002
Abstract Objective: To determine improvements in marginal adaptation of resin-based composite restorative systems by means of flow-composites (Solitaire 2/Gluma Solid Bond, Solitaire 2/Flow Line/Gluma Solid Bond, Point 4/Optibond Solo Plus, Point 4/Revolution/Optibond Solo Plus) and to determine the equality of simplified bonding systems (Solitaire 2/Gluma Comfort Bond, Tetric Ceram/Tetric Flow/Excite, Dyract AP/Prime & Bond NT/NRC, Pertac II/Prompt-L-Pop) in marginal gap formation. Methods: The marginal dye penetration (2% methylene-blue) was investigated separately for the approximal boxes of Class II mod-cavities with one cervical margin of the approximal box within enamel, the other wit…
In vitro study of the apical microleakage with resilon root canal filling using different final endodontic irrigants
2015
Background: Endodontic microleakage or microfiltration refers to the percolation of fluids and micro-organisms at the interface of the obturation material and the walls of the root canal system. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare apical microfiltration of Resilon root canal filling by employing three dif ferent final irrigant solutions. Material and Methods: 128 single-rooted teeth were employed. The crowns were sectioned horizontally at the cemento-enamel junction and instrumented with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA gel to obtain an instrumented 040 apical caliber. An intermediate irrigation was performed with distilled water. The roots were then randomly assigne…
An In Vitro Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Bioactivity between Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA, BIODENTINE & Glass Ionomer Cement Using Dye Penetrati…
2021
The ideal root end filling material should form a tight seal in the root canal by adhering to the cavity walls. Several materials have been used for root end filling. The present study aims to find out and compare the bioactivity of Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA White, BIODENTINE & glass ionomer cement as root end filling materials using 1% methylene blue as tracer. Materials and methods: 80 extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth were used in the study. They were divided into four groups. Specimens were sectioned transversely in the cervical area to separate the crown from the root. The root canal was obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealers. Thereafter, each …
Sealing ability of five different retrograde filling materials.
1996
The sealing ability of Amalgam, Harvard-Cement, Diaket, gold-leaf, and Ketac-Endo as retrofilling materials was investigated. Paper cones were fixed with Harvard-Cement in the instrumented roots of 100 extracted human incisors. Apicectomy was performed and a 2-mm-deep retrograde cavity was prepared. Teeth were assigned to five groups (n = 20); each group received a different filling material. Surfaces of the roots were isolated with nail polish. Teeth, were stored in 1% methylene blue dye for 72 h. Roots were sectioned, and the depth of dye penetration was evaluated through a stereomicroscope. Retrofills with Ketac-Endo showed significantly less leakage compared with amalgam. There was no s…
European Union commitment towards RES market penetration: From the first legislative acts to the publication of the recent guidelines on State aid 20…
2015
Abstract During the last three decades, the European Union (EU) commitment towards the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) market penetration has been very complex, involving several aspects pertaining to the economic and political action of Member States. This paper seeks to overview the historical development of the legislative EU framework, including a description of the main financial programmes established and managed by the EU Directorates General. Moreover, the work will proceed with the picture of some Investment Funds, ad hoc created for RES undertakings, and managed by the European Investment Bank (EIB) in collaboration with the EU or other foreign Bank Institutes. The delicate matter …
The Challenges Faced by Life Insurance Companies in the Baltic States
2020
The Baltic life insurance market is a young steadily growing market. It began its development in the early 1990s when all three Baltic States, specifically Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, have regained their independence. The Baltic life insurance market is limited due to a relatively small size with approximately six million inhabitants in all three countries. Additionally, the operations have deteriorated due to the low interest rates and the negative fluctuations in the financial market. The lessons learnt by the life insurers in the Baltic States are useful to other small countries in the European Union (EU) as well as to the larger States, to help bring to light the challenges of those …
Income Inequality and Technology Diffusion: Evidence from Developing Countries*
2011
We study the effect of within-country income inequality on the diffusion of mobile phones using data on market penetration in a sample of developing countries from 1985 to 1998. Mobile phones are an example of international technology, originating in industrialized countries and diffusing worldwide. We find that income inequality, as measured by the income share of the highest earning deciles, has a positive effect on the early diffusion of mobile phones and that the estimated effect becomes greater when a measure of agricultural endowments is used as an instrument. The instrumental variable results are robust to weak instruments. Our findings suggest that the diffusion of new technologies …