Search results for "perception."

Gestalt/Gestalt Theory

2020

Gestalt is a concept introduced to solve the problems of unity, connection and order that objects manifest in experience. Philosophers trained at Franz Brentano’s teaching began to work on it to address epistemological and ontological questions about perception, cognition and the structure of objects. This work was seminal for Gestalt psychology, from the research of the Graz and Berlin Schools, carried on by Cesare Musatti, Fabio Metelli, Gaetano Kanizsa, Paolo Bozzi in Padua and Trieste, Albert Michotte and Paul Fraisse in Louvain, to that of Edgar Rubin and David Katz, but also of Karl Buhler, Egon Brunswik and Ludwig Kardos in Wien. Common is the tenet that the world looks as neither a …

Does oral health affect food comfortability and bolus properties during consumption of dairy products in elderly population?

2017

The elderly population is growing increasingly. In 2030, 1/3 of the population will be over 60 years old. However this population has specific nutritional needs and often, oral impairments such as loss of tooth and/or decrease of salivary flow. Therefore it is necessary to develop foods adapted for the elderly, in terms of organoleptic properties and nutritional composition. In this context, the purpose of this work is to study the impact of oral impairments of elderly persons on food comfortability and bolus properties during the consumption of dairy products.76 elderly persons (ages 66 to 88, 42 women and 34 men), with or without oral health problems in terms of dental and/or salivary sta…

Classroom behavioural climate in inclusive education – a study on secondary students’ perceptions

2021

Previous studies pointed out that dealing with difficult behaviour is perceived by teachers as a major challenge in inclusive settings. However, research on the students' perception of the classroom behavioural climate (CBC) is rare. Therefore, this study aims to examine students’ perceptions of CBC and to identify predictors of CBC as well as associated variables. The sample consists of 650 German students from secondary schools (5th-9th grade) of whom 83 students are diagnosed with special educational needs (SEN). CBC was measured via four subscales (‘students’ possibilities to study and concentrating on teaching’, ‘disruptive behaviour’, ‘physical and psychological safety’ and ‘caring fo…

Communication Challenges in CBRN Terrorism Crises : Expert Perceptions

2015

This paper is a follow-up of ‘Terrorism Communication: Characteristics and Emerging Perspectives in the Scientific Literature 2002–2011’, published in JCCM in September 2013, Volume 21, Issue 3. The aim of this paper was to investigate experts' perceptions on communication in chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism crises, including challenges and good practices. This is pursued by means of a qualitative online questionnaire aimed at international crisis communication and crisis management experts. The challenges of communication concerning CBRN terrorism arise from the complexity of such incidents, having to do with the nature of the threat, leading to problematic p…

Event-related brain potential markers of visual and auditory perception: A useful tool for brain computer interface systems.

2022

ObjectiveA majority of BCI systems, enabling communication with patients with locked-in syndrome, are based on electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency analysis (e.g., linked to motor imagery) or P300 detection. Only recently, the use of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) has received much attention, especially for face or music recognition, but neuro-engineering research into this new approach has not been carried out yet. The aim of this study was to provide a variety of reliable ERP markers of visual and auditory perception for the development of new and more complex mind-reading systems for reconstructing the mental content from brain activity.MethodsA total of 30 participants were shown…

Coaches’ perceptions of French sports clubs: Health-promotion activities, aims and coach motivation

2014

Background: Given the benefits of participating in sport, sports clubs have been recognised as health-promoting organizations. To examine health-promotion activities in Finnish sports clubs, Kokko et al. developed a set of standards for health-promoting sports clubs (HPSC). Objective: The present study extends this line of research, by (1) measuring coaches’ perceptions of health- promotion activities in French sports clubs and comparing them to earlier Finnish results, (2) measuring coaches’ perceptions of the health-promotion aims of sports clubs and (3) examining the links between HPSC and coaches’ self-determined motivation. Methods: Coaches ( N = 125) completed a modified version of th…

Fight against cancer in Italy: What patients, caregivers and healthy citizens think about care delivery from National Health System

2022

Objective: This survey aimed to analyse healthy citizens (HC), cancer patients and their caregivers (CP&CG) perception about cancer care among six different Italian regions. Methods: The survey for HC was conducted by a multinational market research institute (IPSOS) through a computer-assisted web interviewing system, using a dataset of people who had consented to be interviewed for previous studies. CP&CG were interviewed by patient advocates using paper questionnaires. Results: HC completed 1831 questionnaires between May and June 2019; CP&CG filled 1779 questionnaires between May and October 2019. 55% of all interviewees felt they were adequately informed about cancer, with …

Automatic Influences of Priming on Prosocial Behavior

2013

Literature on the automaticity of social behavior indicates that, in some circumstances, priming a concept automatically activates related behavioral schemas. Previous research studies have used priming techniques to increase willingness to help, but most of these have simply measured intention to engage in prosocial behavior rather than real helping behavior. Two different studies investigated the effect of priming the concept of prosocial behavior on real helping behavior. After priming prosociality through a scrambled sentences test, participants were shown to increase their donation rate after a direct request coming from an experimenter's confederate (Study 1) and to spontaneously help…

Animal consciousness : Peter Olivi on cognitive functions of the sensitive soul

2009

Perceptual Self-Awareness in Seneca, Augustine, and Olivi

2013

This article traces the philosophical idea of self-perception from the times of ancient Stoicism to the thirteenth century by analyzing the views of Seneca, Augustine, and Olivi. The central argument is that they defend the same idea according to which self-preservation and the appropriate use of one’s body requires awareness thereof, despite the obvious contextual differences and the uncertainty of direct historical connections between the authors. They think that this kind of self-awareness does not belong only to human beings, because irrational animals need to perceive their bodies, the functions of their bodily parts, and to perceive themselves as living beings in order to act appropri…