Search results for "perinnöllisyystiede"

Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index during adolescence: a prospective study among Finnish twins

2009

Objective: To study genetic and environmental factors affecting body mass index (BMI) and BMI phenotypic correlations across adolescence. Design: Prospective, population-based, twin cohort study. Participants and methods: We used twin modeling in 2413 monozygotic and same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic Finnish twin pairs born in 1983–1987 and assessed using self-report questionnaires at 11–12, 14 and 17 years of age. Results: Heritability of BMI was estimated to be 0.58–0.69 among 11–12- and 14-year-old boys and girls, 0.83 among 17-year-old boys and 0.74 among 17-year-old girls. Common environmental effects shared by siblings were 0.15–0.24 among 11–12- and 14-year-old boys and girls but n…

Chromatin structure influences rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations in Neurospora crassa

2023

While mutation rates have been extensively studied, variation in mutation rates throughout the genome is poorly understood. To understand patterns of genetic variation, it is important to understand how mutation rates vary. Chromatin modifications may be an important factor in determining variation in mutation rates in eukaryotic genomes. To study variation in mutation rates, we performed a mutation accumulation experiment in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, and sequenced the genomes of the 40 MA lines that had been propagated asexually for approximately 1015 [1003, 1026] mitoses. We detected 1322 mutations in total, and observed that the mutation rate was higher in regions of low …

Genetics of children's bone growth

2006

Miia Suuriniemi tutki perintötekijöiden vaikutusta murrosikäisten lasten luuston kasvuun ja kehitykseen. Osteoporoosin sukurasitus ei rajoitu koskemaan pelkästään vanhuusiän perinnöllistä luukatoa, vaan vaikutus saattaa ilmetä jo lievinä kasvuhäiriöinä lapsuusiässä. Tietyt perintötekijät saattavat myös altistaa lapsuuden luunmurtumille, jotka omalta osaltaan voivat hidastaa nuoren kasvua, aiheuttaen mahdollisesti jopa pysyviä luustovaurioita.Luusto muodostuu pääosin kollageeniproteiinista, joka antaa luustolle vetolujuutta ja sitkojoustavuutta. Kollageenin rakennetta muuttavat geneettiset mutaatiot aiheuttavat lähes poikkeuksetta harvinaista, mutta vakavaa synnynnäistä luustosairautta, oste…

Whole-genome analysis reveals contrasting relationships among nuclear and mitochondrial genomes between three sympatric bat species

2023

Understanding mechanisms involved in speciation can be challenging, especially when hybridization or introgression blurs species boundaries. In bats resolving relationships of some closely related groups has proven difficult due subtle interspecific variation both in morphometrics and molecular datasets. The endemic South American Histiotus bats, currently considered a sub-genus of Eptesicus, harbor unresolved phylogenetic relationships and of those is a trio consisting of two closely related species: Eptesicus (Histiotus) macrotus and E. (H.) montanus, and their relationship with a third, E. (H.) magellanicus. The three sympatric species bear marked resemblance to each other, but can be di…

Experimental introgression in Drosophila : Asymmetric postzygotic isolation associated with chromosomal inversions and an incompatibility locus on th…

2022

Interspecific gene flow (introgression) is an important source of new genetic variation, but selection against it can reinforce reproductive barriers between interbreeding species. We used an experimental approach to trace the role of chromosomal inversions and incompatibility genes in preventing introgression between two partly sympatric Drosophila virilis group species, D. flavomontana and D. montana. We backcrossed F1 hybrid females from a cross between D. flavomontana female and D. montana male with the males of the parental species for two generations and sequenced pools of parental strains and their reciprocal 2nd generation backcross (BC2mon and BC2fla) females. Contrasting the obser…

Genome-wide association and large scale follow-up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function.

2011

Pulmonary function measures reflect respiratory health and are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing association (combined P < 5 × 10−8) with pulmonary function in or near MFAP2, TGFB2, HDAC4, RARB, MECOM (also known as EVI1), SPATA9, ARMC2, NCR3, ZKSCAN3, CDC123, C10orf11, LRP1, CCDC38, MMP15, CFDP1 and KCNE2. Identification of these 16 new loci may provid…

The role of heredity, other constitutional structural and behavioral factors in back function tests

2006

The objectives were 1) to determine the reliability of the measures of back function related factors, 2) to investigate the possibilities to detect changes in paraspinal muscles, and 3) to study the relative effects of heredity, constitutional and behavioral factors on three back function tests. Paraspinal muscle cross-sectional areas were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging from a sample of 210 men; anthropometric measures, isokinetic and psychophysical lifting capacity, and isometric back extension endurance tests were performed and current and past physical activity during leisure-time and at work were ascertained from a structured interview from a total sample of 600 men who were 35 …

Biologian aineenopettajaopiskelijoiden asenteet ja valmiudet opettaa genetiikkaa

2013

Genetics is a relevant topic in modern society and its applications are widely used in everyday life as well as in scientific research. As the goal of general education is to give students the abilities needed to be a member of society, genetics is also part of secondary school and upper secondary school biology teaching. Teachers think that teaching genetics in school is important. However genetics is viewed as a difficult subject to learn. Although students’ skills in genetics have been measured in studies, there are no skill rate measurement tests extended to teachers and teacher students. However, teachers’ knowledge of the subject influences students’ learning results, and so, in order…

Half a century of evolutionary games : a synthesis of theory, application and future directions

2023

Associations of Genetic Susceptibility to Alzheimer’s Disease with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Children in a 2-Year Follow-up St…

2018

We investigated the associations of genetic risk score (GRS) for Alzheimer’s disease and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ variant with cardiometabolic risk factors during 2-year follow-up in children and whether body fat percentage (BF%) modify these associations. A population-based sample of 469 children (246 boys, 223 girls) at baseline and 398 children (201 boys, 197 girls) at 2-year follow-up participated in the study. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Custom Infinium CardioMetabo BeadChip and the Illumina Infinium HumanCoreExome BeadChip. The GRS was calculated using information on nine independent gene variants available in our genomic data. We assessed BF%, waist circumference, in…