Search results for "peripheral nervous system"
showing 10 items of 90 documents
Distribution of Met-enkephalyl-Arg-Gly-Leu in rat larynx: partial coexistence with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine isoleucine an…
1990
Abstract Using light microscopic (LM) enzyme-immunohistochemistry on deparaffinized adjacent sections Met-enkephalyl-Arg-Gly-Leu (ME-RGL) immunoreactivity was found to partially coexist with immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in intrinsic laryngeal neurons of the rat. Further ME-RGL-immunoreactive (ir) fibres were found around glands in the subepithelium, in connective tissue of striated muscle and in the perichondrium, as well as around arterial and venous blood vessels. They frequently contacted mast cells and macrophages. The presence of ME-RGL indicates pro-enkephalin-related origin of this novel laryngeal …
Pineal 'synaptic' ribbons in sympathectomized rats.
1989
The melatonin metabolism in the mammalian pineal gland is under the clear influence of sympathetic fibers originating in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Previous studies suggested that also pineal ‘synaptic’ ribbons (SR) are regulated by the gland’s sympathetic innervation. To gain more insight into the mechanisms involved SR numbers were determined in adult rats which were chemically sympathectomized as newborns by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In control animals (saline injections), a clear day/night difference in the number of SR is present. In sympathectomized animals SR are higher in number throughout the 24-hour cycle but are not significantly elevated at night. The pr…
The neuro-B cell link of peptidergic innervation in the Bursa Fabricii
1991
The Bursa Fabricii, restricted to birds, specifically provides the microenvironment for B-cell maturation. The presence of nerve fibers containing immunopotent neuropeptides in immune organs opens interesting perspectives on the understanding of neuroimmune communication. As an organ for the development of only B-lymphocytes is not known in mammals, the contribution of a peptidergic innervation to the microenvironment of B-cells is not known. Therefore, we studied the peptidergic innervation of the Bursa Fabricii as an organ of B-cell maturation. Four different neuropeptides were found in nerve fibers of the Bursa Fabricii: tachykinins (TK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin (GAL…
Technique and value of gas and pantopaque cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebello-pontine angle tumours
1971
The techniques of gas and Pantopaque cisternography are described, as well as the various advantages and disadventages of these methods. Patients without neurological signs in whom a small tumour is suspected in the region of the cerebellopontine angle should be examined with Pantopaque. The examination can be carried out as an outpatient procedure. If definite neurological signs are present, gas cisternography is preferable in order to demonstrate secondary displacements of the ventricular system as well as the tumour itself.
Beta-adrenoceptor stimulation enhances transmitter output from the rat phrenic nerve.
1988
Abstract 1. Neurally-evoked output of newly synthesized [3H]-acetylcholine from the rat phrenic nerve was measured in the absence of cholinesterase inhibitors. 2. Noradrenaline and isoprenaline enhanced neurally-evoked transmitter output markedly. Moreover, immediately after the application of noradrenaline the basal tritium efflux increased significantly. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol (0.1 mumol l-1) or atenolol (0.3 mumol l-1) completely prevented the stimulatory effect of noradrenaline and isoprenaline on evoked transmitter output. 4. The facilitatory effect of isoprenaline declined, when the exposure time was increased. This observation supports the assumption that beta-adrenoceptors…
Interrelation of peptidergic innervation with mast cells and ED1-positive cells in rat thymus
1991
The peptidergic innervation of rat thymus has been investigated by immunohistochemical methods, focusing on the spatial interrelationship of peptidergic nerve fibers with mast cells and macrophages in the rat. An antiserum directed against the protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) regarded as a pan-neuronal marker revealed a rich innervation, especially in the subcapsular cortex, in interlobular septa, and of the vasculature in the cortex and the corticomedullary boundary. A minor proportion of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (ir) fibers supplied the thymic parenchyma. The main component of peptidergic innervation consisted of fibers costaining for tachykinins (TKs) and calcitonin gene-related peptide …
Muscarine receptors on the rat phrenic nerve, evidence for positive and negative muscarinic feedback mechanisms.
1987
Neuronal transmitter stores of the rat phrenic nerve were labelled by incubation with [3H]choline. Release of [3H]acetylcholine was elicited by electrical nerve stimulation (100 or 1500 pulses, 5 or 25 Hz) or by high potassium (27 mmol/l) and the effects of the muscarine receptor agonist oxotremorine and the antagonist scopolamine were investigated. Neither oxotremorine nor scopolamine affected the basal tritium efflux. A low concentration of oxotremorine (10 nmol/l) enhanced and a high concentration of oxotremorine (1 μol/l) reduced the electrically evoked [3H]acetylcholine release. Likewise, the high potassium-evoked [3H]acetylcholine release was reduced by a high concentration of oxotrem…
BDNF is essentially required for the early postnatal survival of nociceptors
2010
AbstractNeurotrophins promote the survival of specific types of neurons during development and ensure proper maintenance and function of mature responsive neurons. Significant effects of BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) on pain physiology have been reported but the contribution of this neurotrophin to the development of nociceptors has not been investigated. We present evidence that BDNF is required for the survival of a significant fraction of peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) postnatally. Bdnf homozygous mutant mice lose approximately half of all nociceptive neurons during the first 2 weeks of life and adult heterozygotes exhibit hypoalgesia …
Meningiomas of the Space of the Cavernous Sinus
1996
During the years 1985 to 1992, we encountered 59 patients with meningiomas involving the space of the cavernous sinus. In 29 of these patients, meningiomas were primarily located within the space of the cavernous sinus and were operated on without mortality and with low morbidity. A small subtemporal surgical approach was favored, which allowed initial tumor resection from the posterior aspect, where the Parkinson's triangle is wide, thus avoiding the additional morbidity of large-scale approaches. According to the relationships of the all-important cranial nerves passing within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, we divided the primary intracavernous meningiomas into four types, which…
High-Frequency and Ultra-High Frequency Ultrasound: Musculoskeletal Imaging up to 70 MHz
2020
AbstractMusculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound has well-established advantages, able to investigate very small structures with high resolution and a quick and real-time dynamic evaluation with the possibility of contralateral comparison. Thus ultrasound has kept its own almost exclusive fields of application in daily clinical practice, and it is considered the first-level imaging technique to assess tendons, bursae, and capsuloligamentous structures of small peripheral joints as well as peripheral nerves. Up to now, however, clinical MSK ultrasound imaging could not go beyond the first 1 to 2 cm under the skin, using high-frequency probes up to 18 to 20 MHz with spatial resolution just below mill…