Search results for "phage"
showing 10 items of 1573 documents
RORC1 Regulates Tumor-Promoting "Emergency" Granulo-Monocytopoiesis
2015
Cancer-driven granulo-monocytopoiesis stimulates expansion of tumor promoting myeloid populations, mostly myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We identified subsets of MDSCs and TAMs based on the expression of retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor (RORC1/RORγ) in human and mouse tumor bearers. RORC1 orchestrates myelopoiesis by suppressing negative (Socs3 and Bcl3) and promoting positive (C/EBPβ) regulators of granulopoiesis, as well as the key transcriptional mediators of myeloid progenitor commitment and differentiation to the monocytic/macrophage lineage (IRF8 and PU.1). RORC1 supported tumor-promoting innate immunity by protecting MDSCs from …
In vivo and in vitro induction of natural killer cells by cloned human tumor necrosis factor
1988
The natural killer (NK) cell activity of mice in the peritoneal cavity is very low or undetectable and testing peritoneal NK cells is a useful model for studying the influence of activating substances upon local injection. Injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at doses of 10-200 ng caused a marked activation of NK cell activity which was maximal after 24 h and declined rapidly on day 2. A similar effect was observed when interferons alpha and beta were injected, and there were additive results when interferon was injected together with TNF. The NK cell nature of the effector cells activated by TNF was substantiated by the finding that previous injection with anti-asialo GM 1 antibody pre…
Influence of cell proportions and proliferation rates on FDG uptake in squamous-cell esophageal carcinoma: a PET study.
2008
We investigated the influence of cell proportions and proliferation activities on tumor maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)) in patients with squamous-cell esophageal cancer (SCEC).Sixteen (16) patients with untreated SCEC were examined with (18)F-flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). The tumor SUV(max) were calculated. Tumors were resected by transthoracic esophagectomy. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the measurement of cell proportions and MIB-1 for measurement of proliferation indices (PIs). Tumor SUV and histologic data were related by using multiple linear regression analysis.The mean proportion of tumor cells in the tumor site was 58.1% (+…
DNA image cytometry. A prognostic tool in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus?
1991
In 45 patients who underwent an esophagus resection due to a squamous cell carcinoma, in addition to the TNM classification and usual morphologic criteria, the paraffin-embedded material underwent deparaffinization, was rehydrated, and was mechanically and enzymatically processed into a single-cell solution. For evaluating the DNA histogram this was analyzed with the help of automatic single-cell cytophotometric study. The method, contrary to that of flow cytometric study, allows for the selective analysis of tumor cells due to the electronically, previously given selection criteria, whereas artifacts, stroma, and infection cells remain excluded from analysis. The multivariate analysis show…
Complete tumor prevention by engineered tumor cell vaccines employing nonviral vectors.
2004
We report that 100% mice survival after tumor challenge is achieved with cytokine-engineered cells employing nonviral lipoplexes and without using viral vectors. We describe this effect with cytokine-secreting tumor cell vaccines, based on cell clones or fresh transfected cells. Tumor cells were transfected with murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or IL-4 plasmids employing the cationic lipid DOTAP, were irradiated (150 Gy) and kept frozen until use. The transfection efficacy was analyzed by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Vaccination induced potent antitumor rejection, resulting in 100% mice survival. Furthermore, the antitumor immunity was long lasting, since a tw…
Circulating interleukin (IL)-8, IL-2R, IL-12, and IL-15 levels are independently prognostic in primary myelofibrosis: a comprehensive cytokine profil…
2011
Purpose Abnormal cytokine expression accompanies myelofibrosis and might be a therapeutic target for Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitor drugs. This study describes the spectrum of plasma cytokine abnormalities in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and examines their phenotypic correlates and prognostic significance. Patients and Methods Patients included in this study were required to have archived plasma, bone marrow biopsy, and cytogenetic information available at the time of first referral to the Mayo Clinic. Multiplex biometric sandwich immunoassay was used to measure plasma levels of 30 cytokines. Results In total, 127 PMF patients were studied; comparison with normal controls (n = 35) r…
Differentiation driven by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor endows microglia with interferon-γ-independent antigen presentation functi…
1993
The antigen presentation function of microglial cells was analyzed after differentiation in neonatal mouse brain cell cultures supplemented either with macrophage (M) or granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The cells separated from concomitant astrocytes in both culture systems turned out to exhibit cytological characteristics of macrophages and bore MAC-1 and F4/80 markers in a similar way. When comparatively tested for accessory cell function, only microglia developed with GM-CSF were able to efficiently induce antigen-directed proliferation of a series of helper T cell lines representing both the TH1 and TH2 subtype. Antigenic T cell activation by this microglia p…
Mast cells as rapid innate sensors of cytomegalovirus by TLR3/TRIF signaling-dependent and -independent mechanisms
2014
The succinct metaphor, ‘the immune system's loaded gun', has been used to describe the role of mast cells (MCs) due to their storage of a wide range of potent pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators in secretory granules that can be released almost instantly on demand to fight invaders. Located at host–environment boundaries and equipped with an arsenal of pattern recognition receptors, MCs are destined to be rapid innate sensors of pathogens penetrating endothelial and epithelial surfaces. Although the importance of MCs in antimicrobial and antiparasitic defense has long been appreciated, their role in raising the alarm against viral infections has been noted only recently. Work on cy…
Angiotensin II Induces Neutrophil Accumulation In Vivo Through Generation and Release of CXC Chemokines
2004
Background—Angiotensin II (Ang II) is implicated in the development of cardiac ischemic disorders in which prominent neutrophil accumulation occurs. Ang II can be generated intravascularly by the renin-angiotensin system or extravascularly by mast cell chymase. In this study, we characterized the ability of Ang II to induce neutrophil accumulation.Methods and Results—Intraperitoneal administration of Ang II (1 nmol/L) induced significant neutrophil recruitment within 4 hours (13.3±2.3×106neutrophils per rat versus 0.7±0.5×106in control animals), which disappeared by 24 hours. Maximal levels of CXC chemokines were detected 1 hour after Ang II injection (577±224 pmol/L cytokine-inducible neut…
Isolated RV diverticulum: diagnosis by cardiac magnetic resonance and 3D TEE
2014
A 16-year-old male was referred to our hospital because of exertional chest pain. There was no personal or family history of any cardiovascular disease. Findings on physical examination and vital signs were normal. An ECG showed a right bundle superoanterior zonal block pattern with low potentials in frontal plane and intraventricular conduction delay (QRS Complex 120 msg) with pseudo-epsilon wave in V1 …