Search results for "pharmacogenetics."
showing 10 items of 79 documents
Pharmacogenomic and molecular docking studies on the cytotoxicity of the natural steroid wortmannin against multidrug-resistant tumor cells
2014
Wortmannin is a cytotoxic compound derived from the endophytic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium wortmannii and Penicillium funiculosum that occurs in many plants, including medicinal herbs. The rationale to develop novel anticancer drugs is the frequent development of tumor resistance to the existing antineoplasic agents. Therefore, it is mandatory to analyze resistance mechanisms of novel drug candidates such as wortmannin as well to bring effective drugs into the clinic that have the potential to bypass or overcome resistance to established drugs and to substantially increase life span of cancer patients. In the present project, we found that P-glycoprotein-overexpressing tumor cells…
Pharmacogenomics in colorectal carcinomas: Future perspectives in personalized therapy
2005
The recent introduction of new drugs such as capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatinum has greatly improved the clinical outcome of patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, some patients may suffer from the adverse drug reactions which will probably be the main cause of chemotherapy failure. The goal of pharmacogenomics is to find correlations between therapeutic responses to drugs and the genetic profiles of patients; the different responses to a particular drug are due, in fact, not only to the specific clinico-pathological features of the patient or to environmental factors, but also to the ethnic origins and the particular individual's genetic profile. Genes …
Rash and multiorgan dysfunction following lamotrigine: could genetic be involved?
2015
We report the case of a 38-year-old woman treated with lamotrigine who experienced multi-organ dysfunction. The patient received the drug at the dose of 100 mg per day. One week later, the treatment was suspended because of an extensive body rash. Twenty-four hours later, the patient appeared drowsy and stuporous and was hospitalized. On the fifth day, the patient was admitted with a clinical picture of acute multi-organ failure in our Institute, where, she, despite the support of vital functions with vasoactive drugs, continuous hemofiltration and ventilation with oxygen, died. Serum lamotrigine concentration was measured 110 h after its last dose and the drug resulted to be still present …
Pharmacogenetics and Forensic Toxicology: A New Step towards a Multidisciplinary Approach
2021
Pharmacogenetics analyzes the individual behavior of DNA genes after the administration of a drug. Pharmacogenetic research has been implemented in recent years thanks to the improvement in genome sequencing techniques and molecular genetics. In addition to medical purposes, pharmacogenetics can constitute an important tool for clarifying the interpretation of toxicological data in post-mortem examinations, sometimes crucial for determining the cause and modality of death. The purpose of this systematic literature review is not only to raise awareness among the forensic community concerning pharmacogenetics, but also to provide a workflow for forensic toxicologists to follow in cases of unk…
Colorectal cancer: pharmacogenetics support for the correct drug prescription
2019
Pharmacogenetics (PGx) in clinical practice is a tool that the clinician can use to guide, in a personalized way, the most suitable treatment that will be administered to the patient. The objective of this review is to summarize in a practical and accessible rational way, the advances that currently exist for the application of PGx in colorectal cancer chemotherapy management through the study of the patients’ germline polymorphisms. To define the polymorphisms that can be applied, we rely on three fundamental cornerstones: the recommendations of drug regulatory agencies; the implementation guidelines prepared by expert consortia in PGx and information from clinical annotations (the drug/p…
Adverse drug reaction and organ damage: the liver
2016
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is among the most challenging acute or chronic liver conditions to be handled by physicians. Despite its low incidence in the general population, DILI is a frequent cause of acute liver failure. As such, the possibility of DILI should be considered in all patients who present with acute liver damage, independent of any known pre-existing liver disease. DILI can be classified as intrinsic/dose-dependent (e.g., acetaminophen toxicity) or idiosyncratic/dose-independent, with the latter form being relatively uncommon. Amoxicillin-clavulanate is the antimicrobial that is most frequently associated with idiosyncratic DILI. Large, ongoing, prospective studies in we…
Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests): focus on antidep…
2021
Contains fulltext : 238693.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objectives: More than 40 drugs are available to treat affective disorders. Individual selection of the optimal drug and dose is required to attain the highest possible efficacy and acceptable tolerability for every patient.Methods: This review, which includes more than 500 articles selected by 30 experts, combines relevant knowledge on studies investigating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of 33 antidepressant drugs and of 4 drugs approved for augmentation in cases of insufficient response to antidepressant monotherapy. Such studies typically measure drug concentrations in blood (i.e. therapeutic …
Value of genetic and epigenetic testing as biomarkers of response to antidepressant treatment
2013
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and disabling psychiatric disorders worldwide and therefore an important public health priority. The selection process of antidepressant treatment is primarily guided by trial and error, and the outcomes with current antidepressant strategies are disappointing. The biological background of the disease is heterogeneous with presumably multiple biological systems involved. With the aim to individualize antidepressant treatment, multiple candidate gene and a few genome-wide association studies have been performed, but so far with very limited success. To address the dynamic changes of depressive symptoms and their response to treatme…
Genetics of Inflammation in Age-Related Atherosclerosis: Its Relevance to Pharmacogenomics
2007
In response to tissue injury elicited by trauma or infection, the inflammatory response, as a complex network of molecular and cellular interactions, sets an answer directed to facilitate a return to physiological homeostasis and tissue repair. The role of the genetic background and the subsequent predisposition toward the extent of the inflammatory response is determined by gene variability encoding endogenous mediators involved in the inflammatory pathway. Due to its clinical relevance, the genetics of inflammation in aging will be studied using an inflammatory disease like atherosclerosis as an example. Several studies have reported a significant difference in distribution, between patie…
Pharmacogenetic considerations for optimizing tacrolimus dosing in liver and kidney transplant patients
2013
The introduction of tacrolimus in clinical practice has improved patient survival after organ transplant. However, despite the long use of tacrolimus in clinical practice, the best way to use this agent is still a matter of intense debate. The start of the genomic era has generated new research areas, such as pharmacogenetics, which studies the variability of drug response in relation to the genetic factors involved in the processes responsible for the pharmacokinetics and/or the action mechanism of a drug in the body. This variability seems to be correlated with the presence of genetic polymorphisms. Genotyping is an attractive option especially for the initiation of the dosing of tacrolim…