Search results for "phospholipase D"

showing 10 items of 49 documents

Restoration of Clostridium difficile toxin-B-inhibited phospholipase D by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.

1996

Receptor signalling to phospholipase D (PLD) in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells stably expressing the m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor apparently involves Rho proteins. Since phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] has been recognized as an essential cofactor for PLD activity and since activated Rho proteins have been reported to stimulate the synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2, we studied whether in HEK cells PLD activity is regulated by PtdIns(4,5)P2 and, in particular, whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 can restore PLD activity inhibited by Clostridium difficile toxin B, which inactivates Rho proteins. Addition of MgATP to permeabilized HEK cells increased basal PLD activity and potentia…

Phosphatidylinositol 45-DiphosphateGTP'Bacterial ToxinsClostridium difficile toxin BBiologyBiochemistryCell Linechemistry.chemical_compoundBacterial ProteinsGTP-Binding ProteinsPhosphatidylcholineRhoB GTP-Binding ProteinPhospholipase DHumansPhosphatidylinositolEnzyme InhibitorsrhoB GTP-Binding ProteinPhospholipase DClostridioides difficileHEK 293 cellsCell MembraneMembrane ProteinsReceptors MuscarinicCell biologyEnzyme Activationenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)chemistryPhosphatidylinositol 45-bisphosphateGuanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)European journal of biochemistry
researchProduct

Modulation of neuronal phospholipase D activity under depolarizing conditions

1999

Neuronal phospholipase D (PLD) activity was hypothesized to be involved in vesicle trafficking and endocytosis and, possibly, transmitter release. We here report that prolonged depolarization of rat hippocampal slices by potassium chloride (KCl) or 4-aminopyridine inhibited PLD activity. Similarly, PLD activity in rat cortical synaptosomes was significantly inhibited by depolarizing agents including veratridine and ouabain. Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) which positively modulates synaptosomal PLD activity [Sarri et al. (1998) FEBS Lett. 440, 287-290] by KN-62 caused a further reduction of PLD activity in depolarized synaptosomes. Depolarization-induced inhibition of PL…

Phosphatidylinositol 45-DiphosphateTime FactorsBiophysicschemistry.chemical_elementCalciumHippocampusBiochemistryOuabainMembrane PotentialsPotassium Chloridechemistry.chemical_compoundStructural BiologyCa2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseSynaptosomeElectrochemistryPhospholipase DGeneticsmedicineAnimalsPhospholipase D activityEnzyme InhibitorsRats WistarMolecular BiologyProtein Kinase CProtein Synthesis InhibitorsSynaptosomePhospholipase DCalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IINeomycinDepolarizationPhosphatidylinositol-45-bisphosphateCell BiologyRatsCell biologyenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)chemistryCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesDepolarizationlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)VeratridineSynaptosomesmedicine.drugFEBS Letters
researchProduct

Inhibition of Receptor Signaling to Phospholipase D by Clostridium difficile Toxin B

1996

Rho proteins have been reported to activate phospholipase D (PLD) in in vitro preparations. To examine the role of Rho proteins in receptor signaling to PLD, we studied the effect of Clostridium difficile toxin B, which glucosylates Rho proteins, on the regulation of PLD activity in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells stably expressing the m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). Toxin B treatment of HEK cells potently and efficiently blocked mAChR-stimulated PLD. In contrast, basal and phorbol ester-stimulated PLD activities were not or only slightly reduced. Cytochalasin B and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, mimicking the effect of toxin B on the actin cytoskeleton but without involvi…

Phospholipase DG proteinClostridium difficile toxin AClostridium difficile toxin BCell BiologyBiologymedicine.disease_causeActin cytoskeletonBiochemistryMolecular biologyenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistrymedicineClostridium botulinumlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Signal transductionMolecular BiologyCytochalasin BJournal of Biological Chemistry
researchProduct

Chapter 19 Muscarinic activation of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis

1996

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the muscarinic activation of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. The release of choline from tissues or cells is a sensitive indicator of an enhanced hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and is easily determined by chemiluminescence. In certain cells, choline release may reflect the activity of a specific receptor-activated enzyme catalyzing PtdCho hydrolysis. A physiological role of the receptor-mediated release of choline in the brain is given by its role as biosynthetic precursor for acetylcholine (ACh) and phospholipids. When PtdCho hydrolysis is investigated to identify the phospholipase involved, the sole determination of enzymatic products …

Phospholipase DPhosphatidic acidPhospholipasechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryBiochemistryPhosphatidylcholineMuscarinic acetylcholine receptormedicineCholinelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Protein kinase CAcetylcholinemedicine.drug
researchProduct

Specific Inhibition of Phorbol Ester-stimulated Phospholipase D by Clostridium sordellii Lethal Toxin and Clostridium difficile Toxin B-1470 in HEK-2…

1998

Activation of m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, leads to phospholipase D (PLD) stimulation, a process apparently involving Rho GTPases, as shown by studies with Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme and Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB). Direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), also induces PLD stimulation, which is additive to the mAChR action and which is only poorly sensitive to inactivation of Rho proteins by TcdB. To study whether Ras-like GTPases are involved in PLD regulation, we studied the effects of the TcdB variant TcdB-1470 and Clostridium …

RALBG proteinPhospholipase DRAC1Clostridium difficile toxin BCell BiologyBiologyBiochemistryMolecular biologyRALAenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryPhorbollipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Molecular BiologyProtein kinase CJournal of Biological Chemistry
researchProduct

Mboat7 down-regulation by hyper-insulinemia induces fat accumulation in hepatocytes.

2020

Background: Naturally occurring variation in Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7), encoding for an enzyme involved in phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodelling, has been associated with fatty liver and hepatic disorders. Here, we examined the relationship between hepatic Mboat7 down-regulation and fat accumulation. Methods: Hepatic MBOAT7 expression was surveyed in 119 obese individuals and in experimental models. MBOAT7 was acutely silenced by antisense oligonucleotides in C57Bl/6 mice, and by CRISPR/Cas9 in HepG2 hepatocytes. Findings: In obese individuals, hepatic MBOAT7 mRNA decreased from normal liver to steatohepatitis, independently of diabetes, inflammatio…

Research paperTGFβ Transforming Growth Factor BetaIntracellular SpaceCRISPR Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatshHEPS Human HepatocytesMice0302 clinical medicineLPIAT1DAG Diacylglyceroli.p. Intraperitonealmedia_commonFatty AcidsGeneral Medicine3. Good health030220 oncology & carcinogenesisHOMA-IR homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin ResistanceMPO morpholinolcsh:Medicine (General)medicine.medical_specialtyPE Phosphatidyl-EthanolamineNashGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology03 medical and health sciencesTNFα tumor Necrosis Factor AlphaLDL Low Density LipoproteinsHyperinsulinismNAFLDSD Standard Dietmedia_common.cataloged_instanceHumansCPT1 Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase IPhosphatidylinositolGene SilencingEuropean unionVLDL Very Low Density Lipoproteinlcsh:RhHSC Human Hepatic Stellate Cellsmedicine.diseaseLipid MetabolismOA Oleic AcidCI Confidence IntervalMboat7 Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7MCD methionine choline deficient diet030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologychemistryCDP Cytidine-DiphosphateFOXO1 Forkhead Box protein O1NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseSteatohepatitisBMI Body Mass IndexCL CardiolipinAcyltransferases0301 basic medicineAlcoholic liver diseaseCXCL10 C-X-C Motif Chemokine 10lcsh:Medicinechemistry.chemical_compoundNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseIFG Impaired Fasting GlucoseAPOB Apolipoprotein BNonalcoholic fatty liver diseasePIP Phosphatidyl-Inositol-PhosphateSteatohepatitisqRT-PCR quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain ReactionMice Knockoutlcsh:R5-920ORO Oil Red O StainingPI PhosphatidylinositolFatty liverTM6SF2 Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2PhospholipidTAG TriglyceridesNASH Nonalcoholic SteatohepatitisLipogenesisLPA Lyso-Phosphatidic AcidPhosphatidylinositolSignal TransductionPS Phosphatidyl-SerinePA Palmitic AcidALD alcoholic liver diseasePC Phosphatidylcholinei.v. IntravenousFATP1 Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1Models BiologicalInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsNonalcoholic fatty liver diseasePPARα Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alphaObesityG3P Glyceraldehyde-3-PhosphateSREBP1c Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1HDL High Density Lipoproteinsbusiness.industryPI3K Phosphatidylinositol 3 KinaseMembrane ProteinsNHEJ Non-Homologues End JoiningPNPLA3 Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain-containing-3MTTP Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer ProteinLPIAT1 Lysophosphatidylinositol Acyltransferase 1TMC4 Transmembrane Channel-Like 4Disease Models AnimalGene Expression RegulationHepatocytesFOXA2 Forkhead Box A2mTOR mammalian target of RapamycinSteatosisInsulin ResistancebusinessPG Phosphatidyl-GlycerolFABP1 Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 1 FAS Fatty Acid SynthaseT2DM Type 2 Diabetes MellitusEBioMedicine
researchProduct

Stability of phospholipase D in primary astrocytes.

2002

Induction of expression and proteolytic breakdown of phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms in primary astrocyte cultures have been investigated. Astrocytes express both PLD1 and 2 and are dependent on PLD activity for cell proliferation [K. Kotter, J. Klein, J. Neurochem. 73 (1999) 2517]. Competitive RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a higher level of PLD1 mRNA than PLD2 mRNA (8.9 vs. 0.9amol/microg RNA, respectively). Treatment of astroglial cultures with the phorbol ester, 4beta-phorbol-12beta,13alpha-dibutyrate (0.1 microM), for 24-48h selectively induced PLD1b but not PLD1a or 2 expression as shown by PCR and Western blot; the effect was sensitive to Go 6976. In cells transiently permeabilized with…

Transcription GeneticBiophysicsCycloheximideBiologyBiochemistryGene Expression Regulation EnzymologicOligodeoxyribonucleotides Antisensechemistry.chemical_compoundWestern blotmedicinePhospholipase DAnimalsCycloheximideMolecular BiologyProtein kinase CCells CulturedPhorbol 1213-DibutyrateProtein Synthesis InhibitorsMessenger RNAmedicine.diagnostic_testPhospholipase DReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionPLD2BrainCell BiologyMolecular biologyCell biologyRatsIsoenzymesKineticsmedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryAnimals NewbornCytoplasmAstrocytesCell DivisionAstrocyteBiochemical and biophysical research communications
researchProduct

Receptors Linked to Hydrolysis of Choline Phospholipids: the Role of Phospholipase D in a Putative Mechanism of Signal Transduction

1990

The structure and basic functions of biomembranes are essentially determined by the lipid bilayer. In contrast, specific membrane functions, such as signal recognition and transduction and transport processes, have been preferentially attributed to proteins that are embedded in the outer or inner leaflet of this bilayer or may span the membrane up to five times or more, as in the case of receptor molecules. The segregating view of membrane protein and lipid functions may have delayed a broad research interest in the dynamic interactions between these components of the membrane. The present review is devoted to such a recently discovered interaction: the coupling of receptor activation and h…

Transduction (biophysics)MembraneMembrane proteinPhospholipase DChemistryBilayerSignal transductionGlycerophospholipidsLipid bilayerCell biology
researchProduct

Degradation of phosphatidylethanol counteracts the apparent phospholipase D-mediated formation in heart and other organs.

2003

Phosphatidylalcohols, such as phosphatidylethanol (PEth), are formed from phosphatidylcholine in the presence of a primary alcohol (e.g., ethanol). This 'transphosphatidylation' reaction is used as specific phospholipase D (PLD) assay. Accumulation of PEth in tissues is recognized as a reliable measure of PLD activity, as PEth is allegedly metabolically stable. The general validity of this assumption was reinvestigated in isolated rat heart, small intestine and brain slices. The half-times of 3H-PEth degradation (labelled with 3H-myristic acid and preformed by ethanol exposure for 30 min) were about 1 h in heart and small intestine, but 17 h in brain. As the formation of PEth is superimpose…

Vasodilator AgentsIschemia610 Medicine & healthGlycerophospholipidsTritium1307 Cell BiologyRats Sprague-Dawleychemistry.chemical_compoundIschemiaPhosphatidylcholineIntestine Small1312 Molecular BiologyDiazoxidemedicinePhospholipase DAnimalsMolecular BiologyEthanolPhospholipase DMyocardiumDiazoxideBrainCell Biologymedicine.diseaseSmall intestineRatsPerfusionmedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryBiochemistry10054 Clinic for Psychiatry Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsIschemic preconditioningPhosphatidylethanolmedicine.drugHalf-LifeBiochimica et biophysica acta
researchProduct

Effect of Light on the Composition of Mitochondrial Lipids from Hypocotyl Hooks of Bean Seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

1981

Summary Mitochondria were isolated and roughly purified from bean seedlings (phaseolus vulgaris) treated with different red light (660 nm) irradiation programmes. Etiolated seedlings were irradiated for short terms or grown in red light. The mitochondria from differently treated seedlings were analysed for their phospholipid and fatty acid patterns. The mitochondrial phospholipid patterns from green and etiolated seedlings were rather similar. This was also valid for the fatty acids from the phospholipid fraction whereas the fatty acid patterns of the glycolipids showed differences. Remarkable changes were observed in the phospholipid pattern of the mitochondrial fraction after short-term i…

chemistry.chemical_classificationPhospholipase DPhospholipidFatty acidGeneral MedicinePhosphatidic acidMitochondrionBiologyPhospholipasebiology.organism_classificationHypocotylchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryBiochemistryPhaseolusZeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie
researchProduct