Search results for "physiology"
showing 10 items of 8671 documents
Technical English for agriculture
2021
As the world goes global, the agricultural business needs to move across frontiers and oceans. Food, raw and processed, is regularly transported across continents. As space is no longer a limit for food trade and human nutrition, language cannot represent a barrier to this continuous exchange. In the last 60 years, English has been taking a foothold as the primary language for world trade and the exchange of agricultural goods is no exception. Agricultural sciences embrace a large number of disciplines, from botany to environmental physiology, from soil science to meteorology, from plant propagation to cultural management, from soil management to pest control, from field crops to animal husb…
Slight variations in components ratio affect odor pleasantness of a blending mixture
2009
International audience; Odors rely mainly on the perception of odorants mixtures but are commonly perceived as single undivided entities; nevertheless, the processes involved remain poorly explored. It has been reported that perceptual blending, based on configural olfactory processing, can lead odorant mixtures to give rise to an emergent odor quality not present in the components. Furthermore, very slight variations (just noticeable differences, jnd) in components concentrations were shown to be sufficient to modify the odor quality of a blending mixture. In the present study, we set out to examine whether jnd in components concentrations could also affect the odor pleasantness of a blend…
Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Aorta Diseases as a Source of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets, with a Particular Focus on Ascend…
2022
Aorta diseases, such as ascending aorta aneurysm (AsAA), are complex pathologies, currently defined as inflammatory diseases with a strong genetic susceptibility. They are difficult to manage, being insidious and silent pathologies whose diagnosis is based only on imaging data. No diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or markers of outcome have been known until now. Thus, their identification is imperative. Certainly, a deep understanding of the mechanisms and pathways involved in their pathogenesis might help in such research. Recently, the key role of oxidative stress (OS) on the pathophysiology of aorta disease has emerged. Here, we describe and discuss these aspects by revealing some OS …
A time estimation task as a possible measure of emotions: difference depending on the nature of the stimulus used
2015
Objective: Time perception is fundamental for human experience. A topic which has attracted the attention of researchers for long time is how the stimulus sensory modality (e.g., images vs. sounds) affects time judgments. However, so far, no study has directly compared the effect of two sensory modalities using emotional stimuli on time judgments. Methods: In the present two studies, healthy participants were asked to estimate the duration of a pure sound preceded by the presentation of odors vs. emotional videos as priming stimuli (implicit emotion-eliciting task). During the task, skin conductance (SC) was measured as an index of arousal. Results: Olfactory stimuli resulted in an increase…
Acute impact of exercise on pro-onflammatory molecule concentrations in blood : factors that affect exercise induce response
2013
Pētījuma mērķis bija izpētīt slodzes intensitātes un ilguma, kā arī fiziskās sagatavotības līmeņa un imobilizācijas ietekmi uz citokīnu un citu slodzes izraisītu signālvielu koncentrācijām asinīs. Kopumā 98 jauni, veseli un fiziski aktīvi vīrieši piedalījās 4 dažādos fiziskās slodzes testos. Asins paraugi citokīnu un citu signālvielu noteikšanai tika ņemti pirms, pēc, kā arī slodzes laikā. Rezultāti liecina, ka akūta fiziskā slodze izraisa iekaisuma molekulu koncentrācijas pieaugumu asinīs. Pieaugot slodzes ilgumam un intensitātei, šī organisma atbildes reakcija pastiprinās, savukārt augstāks fiziskās sagatavotības līmenis šo reakciju samazina. Atkarībā no fiziskās slodzes veida, intensitāt…
Pressure support ventilation + sigh in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients: Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial, the PROT…
2018
Background Adding cyclic short sustained inflations (sigh) to assisted ventilation yields optimizes lung recruitment, decreases heterogeneity and reduces inspiratory effort in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). These findings suggest that adding sigh to pressure support ventilation (PSV) might decrease the risk of lung injury, shorten weaning and improve clinical outcomes. Thus, we conceived a pilot trial to test the feasibility of adding sigh to PSV (the PROTECTION study). Methods PROTECTION is an international randomized controlled trial that will be conducted in 23 intensive care units (ICUs). Patients with AHRF who have been intubated from 24 h to 7 days and under…
Processus attentionnels et apprentissage moteur
2012
International audience; Le but de cet article est de synthétiser les travaux portant sur les effets de l’attention volontaire sur l’apprentissage d’une habileté motrice. Les premiers modèles d’apprentissage considèrent que l’apprenant franchit plusieurs étapes au cours desquelles la sollicitation des processus attentionnels diminue (Fitts & Posner, 1967). Ainsi, la réalisation d’un mouvement nécessiterait d’engager de l’attention en début d’apprentissage alors qu’elle serait automatique en fin d’apprentissage. Cet article propose de vérifier cette affirmation au regard des recherches récentes qui révèlent que l’apprenant débutant module volontairement son attention a fin d’optimiser la réal…
Motherhood‐induced gene expression in the mouse medial amygdala: Changes induced by pregnancy and lactation but not by pup stimuli
2021
During lactation, adult female mice display aggressive responses toward male intrud-ers, triggered by male- derived chemosensory signals. This aggressive behavior is not shown by pup- sensitized virgin females sharing pup care with dams. The genetic mechanisms underlying the switch from attraction to aggression are unknown. In this work, we investigate the differential gene expression in lactating females ex-pressing maternal aggression compared to pup- sensitized virgin females in the me-dial amygdala (Me), a key neural structure integrating chemosensory and hormonal information. The results showed 197 genes upregulated in dams, including genes encoding hormones such as prolactin, growth h…
The effect of a temperature-sensitive prophage on the evolution of virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen.
2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16638 Abstract Viruses are key actors of ecosystems and have major impacts on global biogeochemical cycles. Prophages deserve particular attention as they are ubiquitous in bacterial genomes and can enter a lytic cycle when triggered by environmental conditions. We explored how temperature affects the interactions between prophages and other biological levels by using an opportunistic pathogen, the bacterium Serratia marcescens, that harbours several prophages and that had undergone an evolution experiment under several temperature regimes. We found that the release of one of the prophages was temperature-sensitive and malleable to evolutionary changes. We furthe…
Innovative and Applied Research in Biology: Proceedings, Vol. 2
2020
The collection contains SCIENTIFIC articles on the topics of the LU 78 conference reports. The main focus is on innovative and applied research in biology and interdisciplinary fields.