Search results for "phytohemagglutinin"
showing 10 items of 34 documents
GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION IN ANTIBODY AND T-CELL MEDIATED RESPONSES IN THE GREAT TIT
2006
Host parasite coevolution assumes pathogen specific genetic variation in host immune defense. Also, if immune function plays a role in the evolution of life history, allocation to immune function should be heritable. We conducted a cross-fostering experiment to test the relative importance of genetic and environmental sources of variation in T-cell mediated inflammatory response and antigen specific antibody responses in the great tits Parus major. Cell mediated response was measured during the nestling period and antibody response against two novel antigens was measured in two-month-old juveniles raised in a laboratory. We found no effect of nest of origin, but a strong effect of rearing e…
Inhibitory effect of nonviable preparations from human immunodeficiency virus 1 on inositol phospholipid metabolism
1989
Previously it was established [Pahwa, S., Pahwa, R., Saxinger, C., Gallo, R. C. & Good, R. A. (1985) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82, 8198] that nonviable preparations of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) abolish the proliferative response of human lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin A. Now we describe that this effect might be, at least partially, due to an impairment of the function of phospholipase C. It was found that addition of HIV-1 preparation to lymphocytes diminished the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation caused by phytohemagglutinin A. Moreover, this preparation completely abolished the phytohemagglutinin-A-stimulated release of inositol trisphosphate and prevent…
Growth, interleukin-2 production, and responsiveness to IL-2 in T4- positive T Lymphocyte populations from malignant cutaneous T cell lymphoma (Sezar…
1984
Abstract Functional analysis and surface phenotyping using monoclonal antibodies have revealed that malignant T lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood of patients with Sezary's syndrome resemble the T helper cell populations from normal individuals. In this article we have studied the effects of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) on growth, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and the induction of IL-2 responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) from five patients with Sezary's syndrome in vitro, using the lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as stimuli. The following results were obtained: PHA-induced cell proliferat…
Septal complex of the telencephalon of lizards: III. Efferent connections and general discussion.
1998
The projections of the septum of the lizard Podarcis hispanica (Lacertidae) were studied by combining retrograde and anterograde neuroanatomical tracing. The results confirm the classification of septal nuclei into three main divisions. The nuclei composing the central septal division (anterior, lateral, medial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral nuclei) displayed differential projections to the basal telencephalon, preoptic and anterior hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area, dorsal hypothalamus, mammillary complex, dorsomedial anterior thalamus, ventral tegmental area, interpeduncular nucleus, raphe nucleus, torus semicircularis pars laminaris, reptilian A8 nucleus/ substantia nigra and cen…
In vivo and in vitro cytokine profiles and mononuclear cell subsets in sicilian patients with active visceral leishmaniasis
1995
Sera from Sicilian patients with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani infantum) were analysed at the moment of the diagnosis, during the course of the disease and after clinical recovery, for the concentration of IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2. The results show high concentrations of IL-10 and IFN-gamma in the sera at the beginning of infection that return to the normal range following successful chemotherapy. By contrast, PBMC stimulated in vitro with Ag and mitogen produced low levels of IL-10 and IFN-gamma when collected at the time of the diagnosis and normal levels when assayed after recovery. IL-2 was undetected in the sera and was significantly reduced in the supern…
Convergence of Cortical and Sensory Driver Inputs on Single Thalamocortical Cells
2013
Ascending and descending information is relayed through the thalamus via strong, "driver" pathways. According to our current knowledge, different driver pathways are organized in parallel streams and do not interact at the thalamic level. Using an electron microscopic approach combined with optogenetics and in vivo physiology, we examined whether driver inputs arising from different sources can interact at single thalamocortical cells in the rodent somatosensory thalamus (nucleus posterior, POm). Both the anatomical and the physiological data demonstrated that ascending driver inputs from the brainstem and descending driver inputs from cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons converge and interac…
Anterograde tracing of retinohypothalamic afferents with Fluoro-Gold
1997
The anterograde neuronal tracing properties of Fluoro-Gold (FG) were characterized in this study by its ability to label the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) upon pressure injection of the substance into the vitrous body of the eye in the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus. Tracing was compared to the anterograde neuronal transport of cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), Fast blue (FB), Phaseolous vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and biocytin. After survival times that ranged from 24 h to 4 weeks, a major projection was found to the bilateral hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Labeling was also found in the anterior medial preoptic nucleus and, in relatively sparse amounts, in the latera…
Ascending projections from the optic tectum in the lizard Podarcis hispanica.
1998
The ascending projections of the optic tectum, including their cells of origin, have been studied in the lizard Podarcis hispanica by means of a two-step experimental procedure. First, tracers were injected in the tectum to study the anterograde labeling in the forebrain. Second, the cells of origin of these projections have been identified by analyzing the retrograde labeling after tracer injections in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pretectum. Three main tectal ascending pathways have been described: the dorsal tecto-thalamic tract (dtt), the medial tecto-thalamic tract (mtt), and the ventral tecto-thalamic tract (vtt). The dtt originates in radial cells of layers 5 and 7 and bipolar cell…
17 beta-carboxamide steroids: highly effective inhibitors of the phytohaemagglutinin mediated blastogenesis of normal human peripheral lymphocytes.
1984
Several novel 17 beta-carboxamide analogues of dexamethasone were synthesized. The common precursor, 9-fluoro-16 alpha-methyl-11 beta,17-dihydroxy-3-oxo-1,4-androstadiene-17 beta-carboxylic acid, did not bind to the glucocorticoid receptors of rat liver and human spleen tumours. In addition, no inhibition of the mitogen-induced blastogenesis of cultured human peripheral lymphocytes was observed. The 17 beta-carboxamide analogues, however, bound with similar affinities to the glucocorticoid receptors of both tissues. They inhibited the mitogen-induced blastogenesis of peripheral lymphocytes, showing the same potency and same order of binding affinity as the natural glucocorticoids.
Effects of forest patch size on physiological stress and immunocompetence in an area-sensitive passerine, the Eurasian treecreeper ( Certhia familiar…
2004
We manipulated the primary brood size of Eurasian treecreepers (Certhia familiaris) breeding in different sized forest patches (0.5-12.8 ha) in moderately fragmented landscapes. We examined the effects of brood size manipulation (reduced, control, enlarged) and forest patch size on physiological stress (heterophil-lymphocyte ratios; H/L), body condition and cell-mediated immunocompetence (phytohaemagglutinin test). Nestlings' H/L ratios were negatively related to forest patch area in control and enlarged broods, whereas no effects were found in reduced broods. The effects of forest patch area were strongest in enlarged broods, which had, in general, twofold higher H/L ratios than control an…