Search results for "pig"

Biochemical indicators for novel forest decline in spruce

1998

Abstract The impact of air pollution on 24 stands of spruce trees in several regions in Germany was investigated. We looked for evidence of biochemical and physiological change at the level of the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes as well as for changes in the antioxidative system in two year old needles. We observed that, as the chlorophyll content decreases in the needles, the amoung of D1 protein declines far more rapidly in relation to the redox components P700 and cytochrome f. Consequently, the PSII/PSI stoichiometry keeps dropping to pregressively lower, meaning unfavorable, values at the chlorophyll content diminishes. This is particularly the case in the higher elevation character…

Epigenetic Biomarkers

2016

Our epigenome is characterized by its ability to dynamically respond to intra- and extracellular stimuli. These epigenetic changes are reversible and consequently are potential contributors to health and disease. Epigenetic biomarkers are emerging as tools for the screening and early detection of various diseases, for prognostic and treatment monitoring, and for predicting future risk of disease development. In clinical practice, this will contribute to the development of in vitro diagnostic and prognostic tools, which in turn may also lead to advances in personalized medicine. In this chapter we propose a definition for epigenetic biomarkers and describe different technologies used for the…

Epigenetic biomarkers for disease diagnosis

2019

Abstract Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of human diseases; therefore, because of the dynamic nature of this orchestrated regulation of epigenetic marks and epigenetic mechanisms, it is possible to use these marks as biomarkers. In this context, an epigenetic biomarker is “any epigenetic mark or altered epigenetic mechanism” which generally serves to evaluate health or disease status, progression or treatment response and is particularly stable and reproducible during sample processing. Advances in precision medicine, with better diagnostic and treatment strategies are the hope to improve the management of diseases, comorbidities, and morta…

Clinical and immunological aspects of microRNAs in neonatal sepsis

2022

Abstract Neonatal sepsis constitutes a highly relevant public health challenge and is the most common cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that during infection epigenetic changes may occur leading to reprogramming of gene expression. Post-transcriptional regulation by short non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) have recently acquired special relevance because of their role in the regulation of the pathophysiology of sepsis and their potential clinical use as biomarkers. ~22-nucleotide of microRNAs are not only involved in regulating multiple relevant cellular and molecular functions, such as immune cell function and inflammatory response, but have…

Verso una Sintesi Estesa: la riscoperta dell'epigenetica

2020

Fin dagli anni Quaranta del XX secolo, con il paesaggio epigenetico di Conrad Waddington, l’idea che l’ereditarietà degli organismi non dipendesse soltanto dal codice genetico aveva suscitato l’interesse degli studiosi. Nonostante ciò, il neodarwinismo della Sintesi Moderna si poneva come la migliore eredità possibile dell’evoluzionismo di Charles Darwin. Il dibattito riprenderà forza a partire dagli anni Settanta con la teoria della costruzione delle nicchie e, con le evidenze della biologia molecolare, prenderà sempre più piede nelle ricerche scienti che contemporanee aprendo alla possibilità, già avanzata da Stephen Jay Gould, di un’evoluzione che procede per livelli di erenti e in relaz…

8th SIBBM Seminar - Frontiers in Molecular Biology - Epigenetics in Development and Disease

2012

Le linee cellulari V79 e Caco-2: due modelli per studi in vitro di epi-mutagenesi

2020

È da pochi anni noto che alcune sostanze, non classificabili come veri e propri mutageni, sono in realtà dei modulatori epigenetici ed inducono cambiamenti nella metilazione del DNA, nella acetilazione/deacetilazione degli istoni e possono modificare la sintesi endocellulare di alcuni miRNA. Inducendo modificazioni epigenetiche non causano mutazioni genetiche, sfuggono ai test di mutagenesi e carcinogenesi fino ad ora utilizzati ma possono ugualmente avere effetti fenotipici simili a quelli di un mutageno/carcinogeno. Per anni l’arsenico, noto veleno ad alte dosi, contaminante obbligato delle acque potabili, è stato oggetto di dibattiti sulla sua mutagenicità a basse dosi. Utilizzato, parad…

Methylation status of VTRNA2-1/nc886 is stable across populations, monozygotic twin pairs and in majority of tissues. Supplementary data

2022

Supplementary Table 1. This study used 48 DNA methylation datasets, including DILGOM, FTC, ERMA, KORA, LURIC, NELLI, SATSA and YFS as well as 39 datasets available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) [29] consisting of >30 tissues and >30,000 individuals. Supplementary Table 2. Differences in the proportion of individuals with imprinted nc886 locus between sexes or in a case–control setting. Supplementary Table 3. Of these discordant pairs, one co-twin was always intermediately methylated, whereas the other co-twin was either imprinted or nonmethylated in all cases – that is, no twin pairs were identified in which one co-twin was imprinted and the other was nonmethylated. Supplementa…

Developmental programming of adult haematopoiesis system

2019

The Barker hypothesis of ‘foetal origin of adult diseases’ has led to emphasize the concept of ‘developmental programming’, based on the crucial role of epigenetic factors. Accordingly, it has been demonstrated that parental adversity (before conception and during pregnancy) and foetal factors (i.e., hypoxia, malnutrition and placental insufficiency) permanently modify the physiological systems of the progeny, predisposing them to premature ageing and chronic disease during adulthood. Thus, an altered functionality of the endocrine, immune, nervous and cardiovascular systems is observed in the progeny. However, it remains to be understood whether the haematopoietic system itself also repres…

Recommendations for a nomenclature system for reporting methylation aberrations in imprinted domains

2018

The analysis of DNA methylation has become routine in the pipeline for diagnosis of imprinting disorders, with many publications reporting aberrant methylation associated with imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs). However, comparisons between these studies are routinely hampered by the lack of consistency in reporting sites of methylation evaluated. To avoid confusion surrounding nomenclature, special care is needed to communicate results accurately, especially between scientists and other health care professionals. Within the European Network for Human Congenital Imprinting Disorders we have discussed these issues and designed a nomenclature for naming imprinted DMRs as well …