Search results for "pine"

Il dibattito sul federalismo nel secondo dopoguerra

2018

Il Movimento Federalista Europeo viene fondato a Milano nel 1943 da Altiero Spinelli con un gruppo di antifascisti, come movimento di idee e di azione, con l’obiettivo di dare vita ad una federazione di Stati Uniti d’Europa. Per Altiero Spinelli, che del movimento fu l’ideatore principale, lo scopo prioritario della lotta politica era quello di assicurare stabilmente al vecchio continente i valori irrinunciabili della pace, della libertà, della democrazia e della giustizia sociale. Sulla scia di tale orientamento si sviluppò un intenso dibattito che, prima ancora della fondazione del Movimento Federalista Europeo, aveva trovato un riscontro teorico nel “Manifesto di Ventotene”, originariame…

Brand Unhappiness on Social Media

2017

Social media is one of the places where brands can communicate with their customers and potential customers easily and fast. Although there are lots of advantages to using social media including low cost, being able to measure customers’ feelings, having fast and easy access to consumers, etc., it is very important for a firm not to make any mistakes on social media, because the online brand is lonely against to the crowd. Customers can easily give feedback about brands. Unhappy customers can share their opinion with the masses through social media and negatively affect the firm. It is important for firms to control and manage brand unhappiness. Firms should understand brand unhappiness fac…

Prenatal diazepam exposure functionally alters the GABA(A) receptor that modulates [3H]noradrenaline release from rat hippocampal synaptosomes.

2002

In rats, exposure to diazepam (DZ) during the last week of gestation is associated with behavioral alterations (in some cases sexually dimorphic) that appear when the animals reach adulthood. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of prenatal DZ exposure on the function of the gamma-aminobutyric (GABA)(A) receptor complex. The method used - perfusion of rat hippocampal nerve terminals labeled with [3H]noradrenaline (NA) - allowed us to evaluate the effects of DZ on a specific native GABA(A) receptor subtype which is located on hippocampal noradrenergic nerve endings and mediates the release of NA. Muscimol stimulated synaptosomal release of [3H]NA in a concentration-dependent mann…

Effects of the benzodiazepine receptor agonist midazolam and antagonist flumazenil on 5-hydroxytryptamine release from guinea-pig intestine in vitro

1990

Isolated segments of the guinea-pig small intestine and the guinea-pig stomach were vascularly perfused and the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid into the portal venous effluent determined by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Test substances were applied intraarterially. The benzodiazepine receptor agonist, midazolam, concentration-dependently increased (by 58%, at 1 nmol/l) and decreased (by 32%, at 100 nmol/l) the release of 5-HT from small intestine preparations. Both effects were blocked by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (10 nmol/l) The stimulatory effect of midazolam was also abolished in the presen…

[ 18 F]Fluoroethylflumazenil: a novel tracer for PET imaging of human benzodiazepine receptors

2001

5-(2'-[18F]Fluoroethyl)flumazenil ([18F]FEF) is a fluorine-18 labelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for central benzodiazepine receptors. Compared with the established [11C]flumazenil, it has the advantage of the longer half-life of the fluorine-18 label. After optimisation of its synthesis and determination of its in vitro receptor affinities, we performed first PET studies in humans. PET studies in seven healthy human volunteers were performed on a Siemens ECAT EXACT whole-body scanner after injection of 100-280 MBq [L8F]FEF. In two subjects, a second PET scan was conducted after pretreatment with unlabelled flumazenil (1 mg or 2.5 mg i.v., 3 min before tracer injection). A t…

Benzodiazepines for catatonic symptoms, stupor, and mutism.

1988

Identification of P-glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors among psychoactive compounds--implications for pharmacokinetics of selected substrates.

2004

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of antipsychotic drugs has become an integral part in understanding their pharmacodynamic activity and clinical effects. In addition to metabolism aspects, carrier-mediated transport, particularly secretion by ABC transporters, has been discussed as potentially relevant for this group of therapeutics. In this study, the psychoactive compounds perphenazine, flupentixol, domperidone, desmethyl clozapine, haloperidol, fluphenazine, fluvoxamine, olanzapine, levome-promazine, perazine, desmethyl perazine, clozapine, quetiapine and amisulpride were characterized in terms of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) affinity and transport. Experimental methods involved a radioligand disp…

Antidepressants and Antipsychotic Drugs Colocalize with 5-HT(3) Receptors in Raft-Like Domains

2005

Despite different chemical structure and pharmacodynamic signaling pathways, a variety of antidepressants and antipsychotics inhibit ion fluxes through 5-HT3receptors in a noncompetitive manner with the exception of the known competitive antagonists mirtazapine and clozapine. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying the noncompetitive inhibition of the serotonin-evoked cation current, we quantified the concentrations of different types of antidepressants and antipsychotics in fractions of sucrose flotation gradients isolated from HEK293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cells stably transfected with the 5-HT3Areceptor and of N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells in relation to the localization of …

Comparative study of the toxicity of molinate for freshwater organisms.

2003

Scavenging in the realm of senses: smell and vision drive recruitment at carcasses in Neotropical ecosystems

2022

Social information, acquired through the observation of other individuals, is especially relevant among species belonging to the same guild. The unpredictable and ephemeral nature of carrion implies that social mechanisms may be selected among scavenger species to facilitate carcass location and consumption. Here, we apply a survival-modelling strategy to data obtained through the placement and monitoring of carcasses in the field to analyse possible information transmission cascades within a Neotropical scavenger community. Our study highlights how the use of different senses (smell and sight) within this guild facilitates carcass location through the transmission of social information bet…