Search results for "platelet"
showing 10 items of 786 documents
Selective estrogen receptor modulators and risk for coronary heart disease.
2007
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in women in most countries. Atherosclerosis is the main biological process determining CHD. Clinical data support the notion that CHD is sensitive to estrogens, but debate exists concerning the effects of the hormone on atherosclerosis and its complications. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are compounds capable of binding the estrogen receptor to induce a functional profile distinct from estrogens. The possibility that SERMs may shift the estrogenic balance on cardiovascular risk towards a more beneficial profile has generated interest in recent years. There is considerable information on the effects of SERMs on disti…
Alteration of serotonin system by polychlorinated biphenyls exposure.
2011
Although commercial production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was banned in 1979, PCBs continue to be an environmental and health concern due to their high bioaccumulation and slow degradation rates. In fact, PCBs are still present in our food supply (fish, meat, and dairy products). In laboratory animals, exposure to single PCB congener or to mixtures of different congeners induces a variety of physiological alterations. PCBs cross the placenta and even exposure at low level is harmful for the foetus by leading to neurodevelopment alterations. Serotonin system which regulates many physiological functions from platelet activation to high cerebral processes and neurodevelopment is one o…
EFFECT OF AUTOLOGOUS PLATELET-RICH PLASMA ON DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS IN THE MANDIBLE OF RABBITS: A MORPHOLOGIC AND MORPHOMETRIC APPROACH
2013
Distraction osteogenesis of the jaws is a common surgical practice in the treatment of pediatric craniofacial deformities. Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been used to increase the healing potential of bones in humans during distraction osteogenesis. This article aims to study the morphometric and morphologic parameters resulting from the effect of PRP on bone healing after mandibular distraction in rabbits. Right mandibular distraction was performed in 12 rabbits divided equally into 2 groups. PRP and physiological saline were injected, according to a defined protocol, in the callus following distraction of the experimental and control groups respectively. The rabbits were sacrif…
COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Analysis
2021
IntroductionThe World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on March 11, 2020. Two vaccine types were developed using two different technologies: viral vectors and mRNA. Thrombosis is one of the most severe and atypical adverse effects of vaccines. This study aimed to analyze published cases of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccinations to identify patients’ features, potential pathophysiological mechanisms, timing of appearance of the adverse events, and other critical issues.Materials and MethodsWe performed a systematic electronic search of scientific articles regarding COVID-19 vaccine-related thrombosis and its complications on the PubMed (MEDLINE) d…
Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the photo-oxidative behavior of PP based nanocomposites
2018
The photo-oxidation behavior of polymer nanocomposites depends not only on the photo-oxidation behavior of the matrix, but also on the chemical composition and on the physical properties of the nanoparticles and on the possible interactions between the two phases. Graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) are short stacks of individual layers of graphite that, even at low contents, strongly affects many properties of the thermoplastic matrix. Indeed, by GnP adding, also at low filler concentration (< 5 wt.%), the mechanical, heat-resistance, thermal and electrical properties of the polymer matrix can be surprisingly modified. Of course, the effects of these nanoparticles on the properties of the poly…
Polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites subjected to elongational flow
2018
In this work the effect of the presence of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) on the morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/GnP nanocomposites has been investigated when these polymer systems are subjected to non-isothermal elongational flow in a melt spinning operation. The presence of the GnP magnifies the effect of the elongational flow. Indeed, the elastic modulus and the tensile strength increases with the orientation more than that observed for the pure matrix.
Photo-oxidative behavior of PP/GnP nanocomposites
2018
In this work the photo-oxidative behavior of neat polypropylene (PP) and PP based nanocomposites incorporating graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) was studied. In particular, the influence of the amount of incorporated GnP was evaluated. The photo-oxidation has been followed by monitoring the change of the rheological, mechanical and spectroscopic properties upon artificial exposure to UV-B light. The results revealed that the presence of GnP reduced the rate of photooxidation of the PP matrix and, in the investigated composition range, the photo-stabilizing action improved with increasing the GnP content.
Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment over sorafenib: epigenetics, microRNAs and microenvironment. Is there a light at the end of the tunnel?
2015
Introduction: Sorafenib is currently the only approved therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alternative first- and second-line treatments are a significant unmet medical need, and several biologic agents have been tested in recent years, with poor results. Therefore, angiogenic pathways and the cytokine cascade remain possible targets in HCC. Recent studies suggest a role of epigenetic processes, associated with the initiation and development of HCC. In this field, DNA methylation, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and tumor microenvironment cells became a possible new target for HCC treatment. Areas covered: This review explains the possible role of DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibito…
Platelet changes in patients with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis after directly acting antiviral therapy
2017
Background and Purpose of the study:Thrombocytopenia is the most common haematological abnormality in patients with Liver Cirrhosis and it is caused by multiple factors. This study evaluated platelets (PLT) count changes in patients with HCV related LC after DAAs therapy. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 83 patients with LC. In all patients were evaluated liver function tests and PLT count at baseline (BL), at end of therapy (ET) and three months post treatment (PostT), Elastography and ultrasound (US) at BL, and US at PostT. LC diagnosis was histological in 13 patients, in 71 with liver stiffness >12 kPa. All patients were SVR (58 patients had DAAs therapy without, 25 with Ribavirin).…
Italian daily platelet transfusion practice for haematological patients undergoing high dose chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation: …
2016
Background. Following high-dose chemotherapy/bone marrow transplantation, patients are routinely, prophylactically transfused with platelet concentrates (PC) if they have a platelet count ≤10×109/L or higher in the presence of risk factors for bleeding. However, whether such transfusions are necessary in clinically stable patients with no bleeding, or whether a therapeutic transfusion strategy could be sufficient and safe, is still debated. Materials and methods. The GIMEMA Haemostasis and Thrombosis Working Party sent a questionnaire to Italian haematology departments to survey several aspects of daily platelet transfusion practice, such as the cut-off platelet count for transfusion, the e…