Search results for "poisoning"

Development of a pressurised liquid extraction and liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determi…

2006

Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is a potentially lethal human toxic syndrome which is caused by domoic acid (DA) that originates in marine phytoplankton belonging to the Pseudonitzschia genus. A confirmatory and sensitive procedure has been developed and validated for the determination of DA in shellfish. The proposed method includes pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) with methanol/acetone (9:1), florisil ® cleanup purification inside the PLE extraction cell and detection by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization in positive mode tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS–MS). Comparison of ionization sources (ESI, atmospheric pressure ionization (APCI) atmospheric pressure …

Rapid whole protein quantification of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by liquid chromatography

2012

Abstract Food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important foodborne diseases in the world. The ability of these bacteria to produce one or more enterotoxins in milk and dairy products is linked to staphylococcal food poisoning. Enterotoxin B (SEB) is an exotoxin produced by S. aureus and is one of the compounds most frequently involved in staphylococcal food poisoning worldwide. In this work, 20 samples of milk collected from restaurants have been studied for the presence of S. aureus enterotoxigenic strains. All the isolates from milk samples have been analysed by liquid chromatography-coupled with diode array detector for the rapid identification and quantificat…

Digoxin and digitoxin elimination in man by charcoal hemoperfusion

1978

Since there is no widely used causal means of reducing the severity of massive digitalis intoxication the capability of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal to remove toxicologically relevant amounts of digoxin and digitoxin was evaluated in vitro and in man. At a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min the digoxin clearance by hemoperfusion in vitro was 51±8 ml/min in comparison to 24.3±11.3 ml/min by hemodialysis. The average hemoperfusion clearance of digitoxin was 31.7±13.4 ml/min, whereas almost no digitoxin was removed by hemodialysis. These clearance values point to the ability of hemoperfusion of eliminating digitalis glycosides from the blood. They do not clarify the essential questi…

Naloxone in Treating Central Adverse Effects During Opioid Titration for Cancer Pain

2003

Enterotoxigenic staphylococci and their toxins in restaurant foods

2002

Abstract This review presents an overview of the enterotoxigenic staphylococci and their toxins in restaurant foods, with special reference to the characteristics of these micro-organisms and their enterotoxins. Furthermore, this paper reviews the staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks, principal sources of contamination and food safety measures that can be applied to eliminate the presence of enterotoxigenic staphylococci in restaurant foods.

Food Processing and Foodborne Illness

2015

Food processing means manipulation of raw materials from plants or animals into food. Since agriculture and animal husbandry were established postharvest procedures were necessary to preserve for a longer time the increasing food supplies coming from the fields and domesticated animals. Food is one of the best culture medium for a lot of microorganisms and preventing food spoilage caused by enzymes and microorganisms is crucial. Deterioration of food is caused mainly by three natural processes: 1. Oxidation – vegetables after harvesting or meat after animal slaughtering get in contact with the oxygen in the air that makes them rancid and unpleasant. 2. Enzyme action – all food contains natu…

Characterization of paralytic shellfish toxins in seawater and sardines (Sardina pilchardus) during blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum

2010

Effects of Terbuthylazine on Soil Fauna and Decomposition Processes

1996

Abstract Acute lethal and sublethal effects of terbuthylazine and the commercial herbicide preparation Gardoprim [terbuthylazine is the active ingredient (a.i.)] on soil organisms (microbes, oppioid mites, two gamasid mite species, enchytraeids, and nematodes) were studied. In the humus soil terbuthylazine had no toxic effects on soil animals tested. However, the herbicide preparation had acute toxic effects on enchytraeids [no-observed-effect level (NOEL) 1.0 g a.i./m 2 ] and both gamasid mites (NOEL 2.4 and 5.0 g a.i./m 2 ). According to filter paper test, the LC 50 value for oppioid mites was 14.5 g a.i./m 2 . In the humus soil the commercial preparation caused no dose-related mortality …

Increased recovery of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in dichlorvos-intoxicated European eels Anguilla anguilla by bath treatment with N-acetylcy…

2003

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used as antiparasitic chemicals in finfish aquaculture. However, current antidotes cannot be applied to treat intoxicated fish. We showed in previous studies the importance of glutathione (GSH) metabolism in pesticide resistance of the European eel Anguilla anguilla L. The present work studied the effects of the antioxidant and glutathione pro-drug N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on the recovery of European eels exposed for 96 h to a sublethal concentration (0.17 mg l^-1; 20% of its 96 h LC50) of the OP pesticide dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate; DDVP). This insecticide and acaricide decreased muscular GSH content and increased oxidised g…

A two-year monitoring of pesticide hazard in-hive: High honey bee mortality rates during insecticide poisoning episodes in apiaries located near agri…

2019

Pesticide residues in beebread, live and dead honey bees, together with honey bee death rate were monitored from June 2016 to June 2018 in three apiaries, located near agricultural settings and in wildlands. Dead honey bees were only collected and analyzed when significant mortality episodes occurred and pesticide content in beeswax of each experimental apiary was evaluated at the beginning of the study. Samples were extracted by a modified QuEChERS procedure and screened for pesticides residues by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pesticide hazard in the samples was evaluated through the hazard quotient approach (HQ). Beebread was widely contaminated with coumaphos and am…