Search results for "pollution"

Uptake of actinides by calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases

2018

Abstract The sorption of actinides (Th, U – Am) was studied in dependence of the solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio (0.5–20.0 g/L) and the calcium-to-silicon (C:S) ratio. The C:S ratio was varied between 1.80 and 0.70 to simulate the changing composition of the C-S-H phases during cement degradation from high to low C:S ratios. The decrease of the calcium content in the C-S-H phases by time is accompanied by a decrease in pH in the corresponding suspensions from 12.6 to 10.2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the C-S-H phases showed an increasing depletion of Ca on the surface with increasing C:S ratio in comparison to the composition of the solid phase as a whole. The sorption experiments…

Acute, chronic and sublethal effects of the herbicide propanil on Daphnia magna.

2003

Acute and chronic toxicity tests with propanil were conducted on Daphnia magna. The 24 and 48 h LC50 were 43.74 and 5.01 mg/l respectively. Chronic toxicity tests were carried out using sublethal propanil concentrations (0.07, 0.10, 0.21 and 0.55 mg/l) during 21 days. The effect of propanil on survival, reproduction and growth of D. magna organisms was monitored. The parameters used to evaluate herbicide effect on reproduction were: mean total young ones per female, mean brood size, time to first reproduction, mean number broods per female and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r). Survival and growth (body length) were also determined after 21 days of exposure to the herbicide. Reproducti…

Saastumisen kontrollin ideologia : vesien saastumisen ja vesirikosten kontrolli Suomessa vuosina 1960-2000

2011

Transportation of complexing agents released by pulp and paper industry: A Finnish lake case

1996

Complexing agents (EDTA, DTPA) are used to bind metal ions in pulp and paper industry. Their role will increase significantly when the total chlorine free (TCF) processes will be applied to a larger extent. EDTA and DTPA were analysed in the waters from the southern part of the Lake Saimaa (SE Finland) influenced by the effluents of three pulp and paper mills. The samples were collected at different distances from the points of emission. The results of analyses suggest that EDTA can persist in lake water and is able to propagate for considerable distances, while DTPA can be detected only in the near surroundings of the site of release. Some EDTA was found even in the sampling points that we…

2021

Abstract Contaminated soils are lands in Europe deemed less favourable for conventional agriculture. To overcome the problem of their poor fertility, bio-fertilization could be a promising approach. Soil inoculation with a choice of biological species (e.g. earthworm, mycorrhizal fungi, diazotroph bacteria) can be performed in order to improve soil properties and promote nutrients recycling. However, questions arise concerning the dynamics of the contaminants in an inoculated soil. The aim of this study was to highlight the soil-plant-earthworm interactions in the case of a slightly contaminated soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment in controlled conditions was carried out during 2 month…

Environmental Conditions, Air Pollutants, and Airways

2019

Air pollution is a major problem worldwide, which could be even more serious for athletes who train in urban environments. Exercise increases minute ventilation and exposure to pollutants, but the literature on the effects of air pollution in athletes is relatively scarce, with the exception of chlorine exposure in athletes of aquatic sports and air pollution secondary to ice resurfacing in athletes performing in ice arenas. Although air pollution may exert detrimental effects on athletic performance, little has been published on this topic. The largest body of information regards the impact of air pollution during urban active transport, i.e., walking and cycling in cities, due to the pote…

Metal concentrations and detoxification mechanisms in Solea solea and Solea senegalensis from NW Mediterranean fishing grounds

2013

10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables

Spatio-temporal distribution of microplastics in a Mediterranean river catchment: The importance of wastewater as an environmental pathway.

2021

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are considered to be ubiquitous contaminants in freshwater ecosystems, yet their sources and pathways at the river catchment scale need to be better determined. This study assessed MP (55–5000 µm) pollution in a Mediterranean river catchment (central Spain) and aimed to identify the importance of wastewater as an environmental pathway. We sampled treated and untreated wastewaters, and raw and digested sludge from five WWTPs during two seasons. River water and sediments were sampled at three locations with different anthropogenic influences during three seasons. On average, 93% (47–99%) of MPs were retained by WWTPs. Concentrations in river water and sediment ran…

Sensitivity Analysis Of Multi-Electrode Arrays For Characterizing The Non-Saturated Zone In Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment

2009

The near-surface environment acts as a filter and buffer for contaminants introduced from the surface by anthropogenic activities. For this reason there is a great need to improve our understanding of the shallow subsurface taking into account the increasing demand for vulnerability maps which illustrates the exposure of aquifers against pollution. These maps are designed to show areas of greatest potential for groundwater contamination on the basis of local subsurface conditions. A shallow, unconfined sand-and-gravel aquifer is highly vulnerable to pollutants because rapid recharge gives little time to contaminants to degrade naturally or be adsorbed before reaching the aquifer. Conversely…

Isolating the climate change impacts on air-pollution-related-pathologies over central and southern Europe – a modelling approach on cases and costs

2019

Air pollution has important implications for human health and associated external costs to society and is closely related to climate change. This contribution tries to assess the impacts of present (1996-2015) and future (2071-2100 under RCP8.5) air pollution on several cardiovascular and respiratory pathologies and estimate the difference in the costs associated with these health impacts on the European population. For this, air quality data from the regional chemistry-climate modelling system of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) are used, together with some epidemiological information from the European Commission. The methodology considered…