Search results for "populaatioekologia"
showing 10 items of 19 documents
Analysis of heteroplasmy in bank voles inhabiting the Chernobyl exclusion zone : A commentary on Baker et al. (2017) "Elevated mitochondrial genome v…
2018
Environmental Fluctuations Drive Species' Competitive Success in Experimental Invasions
2020
Climate change is presumed to increase both the number and frequency of fluctuations in environmental conditions. Fluctuations can affect the ecological and evolutionary processes that make species more successful competitors. For example, fluctuating conditions can create selection pressures for traits that are profitable in adaptation to fast climate change. On an ecological timescale, environmental fluctuations can facilitate species competitive success by reducing other species’ population sizes. Climate change could then enhance species invasions into new areas if fluctuation-adapted invaders displace their native competitors in chancing environments. We tested experimentally whether f…
Atlantic cod recovery from the Allee effect zone : contrasting ecological and evolutionary rescue
2020
The ability of a population to recover from disturbances is fundamental for its persistence. Impaired population recovery might be associated with a demographic Allee effect. Immigration from adjacent populations could accelerate the recovery not only by promoting population growth beyond the Allee effect threshold but also by bringing in advantageous genotypes. We explore the nature and role of ecological and evolutionary rescue in an Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Gadidae) population fished below its Allee effect threshold. We utilize an eco-evolutionary model and simulate scenarios, where the target population evolves in response to selective fishing and sample immigrants from (a) a source p…
Effects of environment and genotype on dispersal differ across departure, transfer and settlement in a butterfly metapopulation
2022
Active dispersal is driven by extrinsic and intrinsic factors at the three stages of departure, transfer and settlement. Most empirical studies capture only one stage of this complex process, and knowledge of how much can be generalized from one stage to another remains unknown. Here we use genetic assignment tests to reconstruct dispersal across 5 years and 232 habitat patches of a Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ) metapopulation. We link individual dispersal events to weather, landscape structure, size and quality of habitat patches, and individual genotype to identify the factors that influence the three stages of dispersal and post-settlement survival. We found that ne…
No room for males in caves : Female‐biased sex ratio in subterranean amphipods of the genus Niphargus
2021
Sex allocation theory predicts that the proportion of daughters to sons will evolve in response to ecological conditions that determine the costs and benefits of producing each sex. All else being equal, the adult sex ratio (ASR) should also vary with ecological conditions. Many studies of subterranean species reported female-biased ASR, but no systematic study has yet been conducted. We test the hypothesis that the ASR becomes more female-biased with increased isolation from the surface. We compiled a dataset of ASRs of 35 species in the subterranean amphipod Niphargus, each living in one of three distinct habitats (surface-subterranean boundary, cave streams, phreatic lakes) representing …
Stable isotopes in monitoring terrestrial arthropods
2022
Monitoring of arthropods focuses typically on changes in population and range size over time. Yet, there are a myriad of other aspects that could and should be monitored under the ongoing global and local environmental change. Stable isotope analysis, widely employed in short-term ecological studies, has potential in long-term monitoring of arthropods. Here we discuss the use of stable isotopes in monitoring terrestrial arthropods, provide some empirical examples of the use of bulk tissue samples in stable isotope analysis, and outline future directions in using compound-specific stable isotope analysis in monitoring. We performed a literature search for 2012–2021 to see if stable isotopes …
Are there plenty of fish in the sea? How life history traits affect the eco-evolutionary consequences of population oscillations
2022
Understanding fish population oscillations is important for both fundamental population biology and for fisheries science. Much research has focused on the causes of population oscillations, but the eco-evolutionary consequences of population oscillations are unclear. Here, we used an empirically parametrised individual-based simulation model to explore the consequences of oscillations with different amplitudes and wavelengths. We show that oscillations with a wavelength shorter than the maximum lifespan of the fish produce marked differences in the evolutionary trajectories of asymptotic length. Wavelengths longer than the maximum lifespan of the fish, in turn, mainly manifest as ecologica…