Search results for "portion"
showing 10 items of 902 documents
Mono-organotin(IV) and tin(IV) derivatives of 2-mercaptopyridine and 2-mercaptopyrimidine: X-ray structures of methyl-tris(2-pyridinethiolato)tin(IV)…
1997
Mono-organotin(IV) and tin(IV) derivatives of 2-mercaptopyridine (HSPy) and 2-mercaptopyrimidine (HSPym), RSnL 3 (R=Me, n-Bu, Ph; L=SPy, SPym; R=Bz=benzyl, o-CIBz, oClC 6 H 4 , p-ClC 6 H 4 , o-tolyl, p-tolyl; L=SPy), RSnCIL 2 (R=Me, n-Bu, Ph; L=SPy, SPym), RSnCI 2 L (R=Me, n-Bu; L=SPy, SPym) and SnCI 4-n L n (L=SPy, SPym; n=2,4) were obtained from RSnCI 3 or SnCI 4 and NaL or by neutralization (R=Ph,p-tolyl; L=SPy, SPym). RSnCIL 2 and RSnCI 2 L were better prepared by comproportionation of RSnCI 3 and RSnL 3 . MeSn(Spy) 3 and PhSn(SPy) 3 .1.5CHCI 3 crystals, as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, are monoclinic. In the discrete monomeric RSn(SPy) 3 units, three bidentate SPy lig…
Occupazione militare e tutela della proprietŕ privata
2012
Moving from the complementary relationship between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law, this article analyses the issue of private property in occupied territory from the civilians perspective. In the attempt to verify if contemporaneous practice has modified customary international law obligations of Occupying Powers, the Author highlights the complex and heterogeneous evolution of the protection of the right to private property. On the one hand, practice confirms the strengthening of its safeguard by the extensive interpretation of the absolute prohibition on confiscation, forbidding an occupying power to take "permanent" measures of dispossession and de fact…
Association between dietary fibre intake and fruit, vegetable or whole-grain consumption and the risk of CVD: results from the PREvención con DIeta M…
2016
Prospective studies assessing the association between fibre intake or fibre-rich food consumption and the risk of CVD have often been limited by baseline assessment of diet. Thus far, no study has used yearly repeated measurements of dietary changes during follow-up. Moreover, previous studies included healthy and selected participants who did not represent subjects at high cardiovascular risk. We used yearly repeated measurements of diet to investigate the association between fibre intake and CVD in a Mediterranean cohort of elderly adults at high cardiovascular risk. We followed-up 7216 men (55-80 years) and women (60-80 years) initially free of CVD for up to 7 years in the PREvención con…
Fiber intake and all-cause mortality in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study
2014
Background: Few observational studies have examined the effect of dietary fiber intake and fruit and vegetable consumption on total mortality and have reported inconsistent results. All of the studies have been conducted in the general population and typically used only a single assessment of diet. Objective: We investigated the association of fiber intake and whole-grain, fruit, and vegetable consumption with all-cause mortality in a Mediterranean cohort of elderly adults at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by using repeated measurements of dietary information and taking into account the effect of a dietary intervention. Design: We followed up 7216 men (55-75 y old) and women (60-75 …
Are the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Vitamins Appropriate for Elderly People?
2015
Background: An adequate vitamin intake is essential for a good nutritional status, especially in older women, who are more sensitive to nutritional deficiencies. The American, European and Italian Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) derive mainly from studies on adults, and it is not clear whether they also apply to elderly people. Comparing the RDAs with the actual vitamin intake of a group of healthy older women could help to clarify the real needs of elderly people. Objective: Our aim was to compare the American, European, and Italian RDAs with the actual vitamin intake of a group of healthy older women. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants: The study included 286 hea…
A kinetic model for the oxidation of benzenethiol catalyzed by the [MoVIO2(O2CC(S)(C6H5)2)2]2− complex intercalated in a Zn(II)–Al(III) layered doubl…
2009
Abstract The heterogeneous oxidation of benzenethiol catalyzed by the dianionic bis(2-sulfanyl-2,2-diphenylethanoxycarbonyl) dioxomolybdate (VI) complex intercalated into a Zn(II)–Al(III) layered double hydroxide (LDH) host have been investigated under aerobic conditions. The kinetics of the system has been analysed in detail. In ethanol, the benzenethiol is cleanly oxidized to diphenyl disulfide in the acidic media provided by the protonic resin Amberlite IR-120(H). The reaction is second-order in benzenethiol, and the apparent rate coefficient has been found to be proportional to the catalyst weight and inversely proportional to the initial concentration of the substrate. A catalytic cycl…
Axiomatic characterization of the weighted solidarity values
2014
Abstract We define and characterize the class of all weighted solidarity values . Our first characterization employs the classical axioms determining the solidarity value (except symmetry ), that is, efficiency , additivity and the A-null player axiom , and two new axioms called proportionality and strong individual rationality . In our second axiomatization, the additivity and the A-null player axioms are replaced by a new axiom called average marginality .
Exploring the major depletions of conodont diversity during the Triassic
2014
International audience; In this paper, we show that the Triassic fossil record reflects just two great depletions of conodont diversity before the Rhaetian, which occurred in the Smithian (Olenekian, Early Triassic) and in the Julian (Carnian, Late Triassic). By exploring this context, our results highlighted that they respond to different origination?extinction dynamics. Thus, while the Smithian diversity depletion can be interpreted as a consequence of elevated extinction, the Julian diversity depletion was triggered by fluctuations in origination regime. This evidence suggests that, despite the role of extinction on diversity losses, conodonts suffered crucial changes on the origination …
On Introducing Proportionality in American Presidential Elections: An Historical Analysis, 1828-2008
2011
It is well known that the President of the United States is elected by the Electoral College and not directly by the population. Every time a candidate who does not win the most popular votes is elected President, detractors of the Electoral College call for its abolishment and supporters extol its undoubtedly merits. This article investigates what would have happened if a solution halfway between both extremes (a direct national election and the current system) had been used in historical Presidential elections; namely, a proportional rule with thresholds to assign electors in each state. This system would generate electoral colleges closer to popular will, reduce the risk of electing a mi…
Key Electoral Institutions and Rules Influencing Proportionality and Partisan Bias in Spanish Politics
2021
The current paper focuses on the Spanish electoral rules governing political competition for the central “Congreso de los Diputados”. It is well-documented that the system as a whole has traditionally favoured one or the other of the two main political parties (PP and PSOE) at the expense of proportionality and the remaining political parties. This paper focuses on some key Spanish electoral rules and investigates how much the observed biases could be altered by introducing some alternative rules taken from the Swedish electoral system, ceteris paribus. Measures of disproportionality are made through the Loosemore–Hanby index and the Gallagher index. The electoral raw data used for our esti…