Search results for "portion"
showing 10 items of 902 documents
Depth of /spl gamma/-ray interaction within continuous crystals from the width of its scintillation light-distribution
2005
We have studied a new and inexpensive method of measuring the depth of interaction (DOI) in /spl gamma/-ray detectors with large-sized scintillation crystals. This method takes advantage of the strong correlation between the width of the undisturbed light-distribution in continuous crystals and the /spl gamma/-ray's DOI. In order to quantify the dependence of the distribution's width with respect to the DOI, we first studied an analytical model of the light-distribution and tested it by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the light transport inside the crystal. Further we present an inexpensive modification of the commonly used charge division circuit that allows analog and instantaneo…
Nachweis der Mehrfachemission von Sekund�relektronen mittels Proportionalz�hlrohr
1965
A proportional counter is used as analyser for electron energies (in the range 10 to 20 keV). The resolving power for 20 keV is 21%. The multiple emission of secondary electrons is investigated with this counter.
Zur Sekund�relektronenemission durch Argonionen und Argonatome im Energiebereich von 1 bis 20 keV
1966
Be-, CuBe-, Cu- and Al-targets are bombarded by single A+ and A0 in the energy range from 1 to 20 keV. The secondary electrons accelerated by 20 keV are counted by a proportional counter backed by a multichannel analyser. The probability distributionPn of emission ofn=0,1, 2, 3, ... secondary electrons can be found from the pulse height distribution. WhenPn is known the yield for A+ and A0 can be calculated. The counting of neutrals in the energy range investigated is discussed.
Preliminary Results on Intermittent Behaviour of Millisecond Pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658
2004
We analyzed RXTE data from the burst of the year 2000 of the X-ray millisecond binary pulsar SAX J 1808.4-3658 with the intent of determining the new orbital parameters.We used the observations of SAX J1808.4-3658 performed by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) when the source was again detected in outburst during the period January-March 2000 (Wijnands et al. 2001). In particular we examined the data from the Proportional Counter Array (РСA) (Jahoda et al. 1996). We first applied barycentric correction to the data using the optical coordinates of the source (Roche et al. 98).
The X-ray gas scintillation spectrometer experiment on the first spacelab flight
1985
The First Spacelab mission, launched on Space ShuttleFlight STS-9 in November 1983 carried a multidisciplinary payload which was intended to demonstrate that valuable scientific results can be achieved from such short duration missions. The payload complement included a spectrometer to undertake observations of the brighter cosmic X-ray sources. The primary scientific objectives of this experiment were the study of detailed spectral features in cosmic X-ray sources and their associated temporal variations over a wide energy range from about 2 up to 30 keV. The instrument based on the gas scintillation proportional counter had an effective area of some 180 cm2 with an energy resolution of ∼9…
The Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter on EXOSAT
1981
The inclusion of a gas scintillation proportional counter (GSPC) within the EXOSAT payload complement significantly improves the spectroscopic capability of the mission. This broad-band medium energy spectrometer used in conjunction with the large area proportioni counter array (ME) should provide additional spectroscopic details on strong X-ray sources at photon energies above ~ 2 keV. The novel type of detector has an energy resolution at least a factor of two better than the ME experiment over a similar bandwidth (2 – 40 keV).
Recoil-isomer tagging techniques at RITU
2003
Techniques have been developed to study isomeric states in nuclei with the use of RITU (gas filled separator) at the University of Jyvaskyla. The first was the recoil-isomer tagging technique initially, utilised by D.M. Cullen to study the K π = 8− isomeric state in 138Gd [1]. The juro-sphere array was employed in conjunction with ritu and a focal plane array which consisted of several Compton-suppressed Germanium detectors, placed in close geometry around a multi wire proportional counter (mwpc) and a silicon strip detector used for the implantation of recoiling nuclei. This technique correlates prompt and delayed γ-ray transitions across isomeric states and identifies the lifetime of the …
Electoral Rules and Proportionality in Spain: Estimating the Impact of some Swedish Rules Through the 2011 Electoral Data
2016
In democratic countries policy making is always framed by many procedures and rules. Some of these rules are particularly critical for allowing more or less proportionality in legislative chambers, though the behavior of political actors also matter. The rules used for technically converting votes into political representatives often exercise such an important role in western countries. In this chapter we provide an estimation of the impact upon proportionality between seats and votes that might have resulted in the 2011 Spanish general elections if some Swedish electoral rules had been applied, ceteris paribus. As we are aware that electoral reforms favouring proportionality may hinder the…
¿Hay límites a la regresividad de derechos sociales?
2016
La constatación de modificaciones legislativas que afectan negativamente al objeto y alcance de derechos sociales y que dan lugar a retrocesos de los mismos plantea importantes cuestiones sobre sus condiciones de posibilidad. En este artículo se sostiene la tesis de acuerdo con la cual los retrocesos o la reversibilidad de los derechos sociales son decisiones normativas limitadas fundamentalmente por dos expedientes, garantías o salvaguardas. El primero es la posibilidad de determinar un contenido esencial para los derechos sociales. El segundo radica en situar el peso de la justificación de la decisión en la identificación de la legitimidad del fin de la norma. Ambos conducen, en el ámbito…
Fundamental rights and the proportionality principle
2017
The paper assesses the widespread use of the test of proportionality in fundamental rights adjudication. While constitutional and human rights courts all over the world appear to be consistently engaged in deploying the test of proportionality in order to assess the permissibility of a given rights limitation, this approach is under severe criticism insofar as it is considered an attack to the very idea of fundamental rights. The paper will discuss this criticism of the use of proportionality, and will provide a defense of its use by courts in light of some basic features of the contemporary discourse of fundamental rights. El artículo evalúa el uso generalizado de la prueba de proporcional…