Search results for "post-translational"

Regulation of NOS expression in vascular diseases

2020

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are the major sources of nitric oxide (NO), a small bioactive molecule involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. One of the most prominent functions of NO is regulation of vasodilatation and thereby control of blood pressure. Most important for vascular tone is NOS3. Endothelial NOS3-generated NO diffuses into the vascular smooth muscle cells, activates the soluble guanylate cyclase resulting in enhanced cGMP concentrations and smooth muscle cell relaxation. However, more and more evidence exist that also NOS1 and NOS2 contribute to vascular function. We summarize the current knowledge about the regulation of NOS expression in the vasculature by tra…

Membrane topology and post-translational modification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae essential protein Rot1.

2007

ROT1 is an essential gene that has been related to cell wall biosynthesis, the actin cytoskeleton and protein folding. In order to help to understand its molecular function, we carried out a characterization of the Rot1 protein. It is primarily located at the endoplasmic reticulum-nuclear membrane facing the lumen. Rot1 migrates more slowly than expected, which might suggest post-translational modification. Our results indicate that Rot1 is a protein that is neither GPI-anchored nor O-glycosylated. In contrast, it is N-glycosylated. By a directed mutagenesis of several Asn residues, we identified that the protein is simultaneously glycosylated at N103, N107 and N139. Although the mutation o…

Les histones déacétylases de type 2 (HD2): des régulateurs importants de l'immunité innée chez le tabac

2013

Protein S-nitrosylation: specificity and identification strategies in plants

2015

SPE Pôle IPM UB; International audience; The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a major regulator of plant physiological functions has become increasingly evident. To further improve our understanding of its role, within the last few years plant biologists have begun to embrace the exciting opportunity of investigating protein S-nitrosylation, a major reversible NO-dependent post-translational modification (PTM) targeting specific Cys residues and widely studied in animals. Thanks to the development of dedicated proteomic approaches, in particular the use of the biotin switch technique (BST) combined with mass spectrometry, hundreds of plant protein candidates for S-nitrosylation have been identi…

Procollagen C-proteinase Enhancer Stimulates Procollagen Processing by Binding to the C-propeptide Region Only*

2011

Background: Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1) is an extracellular glycoprotein that increases activity of certain zinc metalloproteinases involved in tissue development and repair. Results: PCPE-1 binds uniquely to the C-propeptide region of the procollagen molecule. Conclusion: PCPE-1 enhances proteolysis by binding solely to the procollagen C-propeptides. Significance: These data may lead to future applications in the development of antifibrotic therapies.

Posttranslational processing of human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (human fetuin). Evidence for the production of a phosphorylated single-chain form by he…

1994

alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (alpha 2-HS) is a major protein occurring in human blood and calciferous tissues. Due to extensive sequence identity, alpha 2-HS has been grouped with the fetuins, a family of proteins that occur in fetal plasma in high concentrations. Native alpha 2-HS undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications including proteolytic processing, multiple N-glycosylations and O-glycosylations, and sulfation of the carbohydrate side chains. Various two-chain forms of alpha 2-HS have been prepared from human plasma, however, the single-chain precursor has not yet been isolated. Here, we have studied the biosynthesis of alpha 2-HS by a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. We demon…

C-Glycosyl amino acids through hydroboration-cross-coupling of exo-glycals and their application in automated solid-phase synthesis.

2013

O-Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins. The attachment of carbohydrates to the peptide backbone influences the conformation as well as the solubility of the conjugates and can even be essential for binding to specific ligands in cell-cell interactions or for active transport over membranes. This makes glycopeptides an interesting class of compounds for medical applications. To enhance the long-term availability of these molecules in vivo, the stabilization of the glycosidic bond between the amino acid residue and the carbohydrate is of interest. The described modular approach affords β-linked C-glycosyl amino acids by a sequence of Petasis …

Post-Translational Regulation of Fas/CD95 in Cell Death and Survival: Role of Nitric Oxide

2010

Inorganic phosphate is a trigger factor for Microbispora sp. ATCC-PTA-5024 growth and NAI-107 production

2014

Background NAI-107, produced by the actinomycete Microbispora sp. ATCC-PTA-5024, is a promising lantibiotic active against Gram-positive bacteria and currently in late preclinical-phase. Lantibiotics (lanthionine-containing antibiotics) are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), encoded by structural genes as precursor peptides. The biosynthesis of biologically active compounds is developmentally controlled and it depends upon a variety of environmental stimuli and conditions. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) usually negatively regulates biologically-active molecule production in Actinomycetes, while it has been reported to have a positive control on lantibiotic…

OGT and OGA expression in postmenopausal skeletal muscle associates with hormone replacement therapy and muscle cross-sectional area

2013

Protein glycosylation via O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is an important post-translational regulatory mechanism mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and responsive to nutrients and stress. OGT attaches an O-GlcNAc moiety to proteins, while O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes O-GlcNAc removal. In skeletal muscle of experimental animals, prolonged increase in O-GlcNAcylation associates with age and muscle atrophy. Here we examined the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and power training (PT) on muscle OGT and OGA gene expression in postmenopausal women generally prone to age-related muscle weakness. In addition, the associations of OGT and OGA gene expressions with…