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showing 10 items of 30 documents
Risk of Invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Seed Survival in Biomass Treatment Processes
2021
Invasive plant species threaten native species and habitats causing ecologic, economic and social burden. When creating climate friendly solutions by utilizing plant biomasses in biogas and fertilizer production, safety should be ensured concerning the use of residues. This study concentrates on the treatment of biomasses containing invasive plant material by tunnel and windrow composting, and by farm-scale and laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) in mesophilic conditions. Germination of the nationally settled and harmful invasive species Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. was investigated after these processes. In addition, the role of the conditions found in the processes that destroyed seed…
Biological nitrogen removal from landfill leachate: a pilot-scale study
1999
A pilot-scale two-stage process including an anaerobic pretreatment (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB) unit and a pre-denitrification activated sludge process was studied for treating leachates from a municipal landfill (waste aged 4 to 5 years, area 2.5 ha) and from a windrow composting area (1ha). A single-stage pilot process was used for nitrification studies. The leachate characteristics were as follows: COD 740 to 2400 mg 1-1 (chemical oxygen demand), BOD7 (biochemical oxygen demand) approximately 1000 mg 1 -1, Ntot 40 to 120 mg 1-1 and the temperature was between 2 and 21°C. The results show that 45 to 50% COD removal could be achieved in the UASB reactor even at temperatures b…
A preliminary study on the ecotoxic potency of wastewater treatment plant sludge combining passive sampling and bioassays.
2021
Highlights • The passive samplers collected bioavail able and bioaccessible chemicals from the WWTP sludge samples. • The sampler extracts were acutely and chronically toxic to water flea. • The sampler extracts were cytotoxic and genotoxic. • The sludge treatment such as composting and digesting diminished the toxicity. • Effect-based methods should be part of the risk assessment of sludge recycling. Sewage sludge is an inevitable byproduct produced in wastewater treatment. Reusing nutrient-rich sludge will diminish the amount of waste ending in soil dumping areas and will promote circular economy. However, during sewage treatment process, several potentially harmful organic chemicals are …
Insight into metal immobilization and microbial community structure in soil from a steel disposal dump phytostabilized with composted, pyrolyzed or g…
2021
Abstract The soil system is a key component of the environment that can serve as a sink of pollutants. Using processed waste for aided phytostabilization of metals (HMs) in contaminated soils is an attractive phytoremediation technique that integrates waste utilization and recycling. In this study, we evaluated the effect of biologically and thermally processed wastes, i.e. sewage sludge compost (CSS), poultry feather ash (AGF) and willow chip biochar (BWC), on phytostabilization of contaminated soil from a steel disposal dump. Greenhouse experiments with Lupinus luteus L. and amendments (dosage: 3.0%, w/w) were conducted for 58 days. Soil toxicity was evaluated with Ostracodtoxkit and Phyt…
Maximising resource recovery from wastewater grown microalgae and primary sludge in an anaerobic membrane co-digestion pilot plant coupled to a compo…
2021
[EN] A pilot-scale microalgae (Chlorella spp.) and primary sludge anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) plant was run for one year in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) at 35 °C, 70 d solids retention time and 30 d hydraulic retention time, showing high stability in terms of pH and VFA concentration. The plant achieved a high degree of microalgae and primary sludge substrate degradation, resulting in a methane yield of 370 mLCH4·gVSinf¿1. Nutrient-rich effluent streams (685 mgN·L¿1 and 145 mgP·L¿1 in digestate and 395 mgNH4-N·L¿1 and 37 mgPO4-P·L¿1 in permeate) were obtained, allowing posterior nutrient recovery. Ammonium was recovered from the permeate as ammonia sulphate through a hydrophob…
Resistance of Conifer Needle Polyolefin Composites (CNPCs) Against Biodecomposition Caused by Fungi
2017
This study describes the resistance of composites filled with conifer needles to biodecomposition processes caused by a single strain of Aspergillus niger as well as by a consortium of microorganisms present in the compost substrates (forest or spent mushroom composts). The impact of various types of conifer needles on the growth of A. niger was studied to determine whether the filler can show the fungistatic effect. The changes in chemical composition of the composites surfaces were examined using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR). The results showed that the fungistatic effects of conifer needles polyolefin composites (CNPCs) were associated w…
Analysis of pharmaceutical biodegradation of WWTP sludge using composting and identification of certain microorganisms involved in the process.
2018
Pharmaceuticals (PhCs) are organic contaminants that have been detected in wastewater, surface water, and soils throughout the world. The presence of 10 commonly used PhCs in Spain (azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, citalopram, fluconazole, fluoxetine, ibuprofen, irbesartan, olanzapine, telmisartan, and venlafaxine) was analysed at four wastewater treatment plants, and the changes in their concentrations during treatment were assessed. Although certain some PhCs were degraded in the treated water, their presence in sewage sludge increased in all cases. The sewage sludge was composted using rice straw to degrade the PhCs, and the composting efficiency was modified by changes in the relative C/…
Windrow composting of source separated kitchen biowastes in Finland
2000
All households in the City of Jyväskylä have been required to source-separate their wastes since June 1996. The accumulation of kitchen biowaste was about 60 kg per resident in 1997, with an efficiency of more than 75%. The residents of almost 50% of the detached houses in the city opted for small-scale composting. Ensuing kitchen biowaste was surprisingly pure: the estimated content of non-compostable material was less than 0.1 % by weight. The biowastes were composted at the Mustankorkea waste station in open windrows. Adequate aeration of the windrows was guaranteed when the initial height of the windrow was less than 1.5 m and the blending ratio for biowaste and bulking agent was one t…
Dimensión socio-laboral de las relaciones comerciales trasatlánticas: algunas lecciones del pasado.
2022
En la cumbre UE-EE.UU. del pasado 15 de junio de 2021, la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos realizaron una declaración conjunta en la que anunciaron una asociación transatlántica renovada para la era posterior a la pandemia. De manera que en el momento en el que se refuerzan las negociaciones comerciales entre la UE y EE.UU. vale la pena analizar hasta dónde se llegó en las negociaciones del Acuerdo Transatlántico sobre Comercio e Inversión en el marco de la OMC, en particular en relación a los aspectos más controvertidos desde la perspectiva social. Lo que incluye un análisis comparado específicamente enfocado al tratamiento del desplazamiento de trabajadores en el AGCS y en la Directiva …
Biofiltration System for Purification of Composting Waste Gases
2006
The biofiltration technique for the purification of polluted air from composting facility volatile compounds was studied. Two different biowaste composting techniques were compared with regard to emission of NH3 and H2S. The ammonia removal was observed in aerobic phase of active composting period, respectively H2S in anaerobic phase. Biofiltration process was realized in modified solid- state fermentation system (SSF). The biodegradation of volatile compounds was investigated in one and two stage systems with inert packing material and hemoautotrofic microorganisms designed DN-1 (Pseudomonas sp.), DN-2 (Nitrisomonas sp.), DN-3 (Nitrobacter sp.) and DN-13 (Sarcina sp.) and Thiopharus-3. The…