Search results for "preference"
showing 10 items of 819 documents
Involvement of NMDA glutamate receptors in the acquisition and reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by MDMA.
2015
Some 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) users become dependent as a result of chronic consumption. A greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of the rewarding effects of MDMA could contribute to developing effective pharmacotherapies for MDMA-related problems. The present study evaluated the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors (NMDARs) in the acquisition and reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by MDMA. Adolescent male mice were conditioned with 1 or 10 mg/kg MDMA and pretreated with 5 or 10 mg/kg of the NMDAR antagonist memantine during acquisition of conditioning (experiment 1), or before a reinstatement test (experiment 2). In ad…
Role of acute social stress in the rewarding effects of MDMA in adolescent mice
2021
Drug use among adolescents is a serious problem in our society, as some individuals develop dependence and addiction. MDMA/Esctasy is one of the most typically used substances by this age group. It is well known that environmental factors can alter the rewarding properties of drugs and the propensity to drug-related disorders. In this sense, exposure to social stress induces long-term effects in mice, enhancing the rewarding effects of MDMA in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. On the other hand, previous research has not provided conclusive results regarding the short-term effects of social defeat on MDMA reward in adolescent animals, probably due to the use of very low or ve…
Determinants of interest in extended-released buprenorphine: A survey among 366 French patients treated with buprenorphine or methadone
2021
International audience; Aim: To explore the factors determining the interest in extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) injections among patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in France.Methods: 366 patients receiving OAT for opioid use disorder, recruited in 66 French centers, were interviewed from 12/2018 to 05/2019. A structured questionnaire assessed their interest in XR-BUP using a [1-10] Likert scale. 'More' vs. 'less' interested groups were defined using the median score of interest, and their characteristics were explored using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI). Independent variables were as follows: sociodemographic characteristics, OAT-re…
Involvement of nitric oxide synthesis in sensitization to the rewarding effects of morphine
2009
Abstract Knowledge about the specific brain changes and neural plasticity processes produced by repeated exposure to a drug is essential to progress in the field of neurobiology of addiction and the development of effective medication. In the present study, the influence of nitric oxide synthesis on sensitization to the rewarding effects of morphine has been evaluated. The effects of pre-treatment of mice with saline or 20 mg/kg of morphine plus the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7NI) (12.5 or 25 mg/kg) on the place conditioning induced by a low dose of morphine (2 mg/kg) were assessed. The dose of 2 mg/kg of morphine was ineffective in animals pre-treated with saline but …
Memantine blocks sensitization to the rewarding effects of morphine
2009
Knowledge regarding the specific brain changes and neural plasticity processes produced by repeated drug exposure may be used to advance the understanding of the neurobiology of addiction in order to design appropriate medications. In the present study, the influence of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptors on sensitization to the motor and rewarding effects of morphine was evaluated. The effects of pre-exposure to saline or 20 mg/kg morphine plus the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine (10 or 20 mg/kg) on motor activity and place conditioning induced by a low dose of morphine (2 mg/kg) were assessed. The dose of 2 mg/kg of morphine was ineffective in mice pre-exposed to saline…
Effect of adolescent exposure to MDMA and cocaine on acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induce CPP
2007
It is well known that an elevated percentage of ecstasy users also consume cocaine. Recently, it has been reported that a high frequency of heroin smokers first consumed heroin under the effects of ecstasy with the hope of reducing the stimulant effects of the latter drug. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to MDMA and cocaine during adolescence on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and reinstatement in adulthood. In the first experiment, adolescent mice were exposed to six injections of MDMA and three weeks later their response to the reinforcing properties of 40 mg/kg of morphine was evaluated using the CPP paradigm. All the treatment grou…
Reinstatement of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice by Priming Injections
2004
To construct a model of relapse of drug abuse in mice, the induction, we evaluated the extinction and reinstatement of morphine-induced place preference. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of morphine (0, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice showed CPP with 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the effects of two different extinction procedures. After conditioning with 40 mg/kg of morphine, the mice underwent daily extinction sessions of 60 or 15 min of duration. CPP was extinguished after seven and nine sessions, respectively. In Experiment 3, we tested the reinstating effects of several priming doses of morphine. Mice…
Mate choice for optimal (k)inbreeding.
2011
Mating between related individuals results in inbreeding depression, and this has been thought to select against incestuous matings. However, theory predicts that inbreeding can also be adaptive if it increases the representation of genes identical by descent in future generations. Here, I recapitulate the theory of inclusive fitness benefits of incest, and extend the existing theory by deriving the stable level of inbreeding in populations practicing mate choice for optimal inbreeding. The parsimonious assumptions of the model are that selection maximizes inclusive fitness, and that inbreeding depression is a linear function of homozygosity of offspring. The stable level of inbreeding that…
Role of CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the rewarding, reinforcing, and physical effects of nicotine.
2013
This study was aimed to evaluate the involvement of CB2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2r) in the rewarding, reinforcing and motivational effects of nicotine. Conditioned place preference (CPP) and intravenous self-administration experiments were carried out in knockout mice lacking CB2r (CB2KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates treated with the CB2r antagonist AM630 (1 and 3 mg/kg). Gene expression analyses of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α3- and α4-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (nAChRs) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and immunohistochemical studies to elucidate whether CB2r colocalized with α3- and α4-nAChRs in the nucleus accumbens and VTA were performed. Mecamylamine-precipitat…
The dopamine uptake inhibitor 3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)metoxy]-tropane reduces cocaine-induced early-gene expression, locomotor activity, and con…
2009
Benztropine (BZT) analogs, a family of high-affinity dopamine transporter ligands, are molecules that exhibit pharmacological and behavioral characteristics predictive of significant therapeutic potential in cocaine addiction. Here, we examined in mice the effects of 3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)metoxy]-tropane (AHN-1055) on motor activity, conditioned place preference (CPP) and c-Fos expression in the striatum. AHN-1055 produced mild attenuation of spontaneous locomotor activity at a low dose (1 mg/kg) and weak stimulation at a higher dose (10 mg/kg). In parallel, the BZT analog significantly increased c-Fos expression in the dorsolateral caudoputamen at the high dose, whereas producing ma…