Search results for "preference"
showing 10 items of 819 documents
Applied Mathematics versus Fluid Dynamics
2018
This paper investigates scientific, institutional, and political conflict and collaboration between two different disciplines in the first part of the 20th century: applied mathematics and fluid dynamics. It argues for the catalytic role of Richard von Mises (1883–1953) in this process and analyzes the reasons for von Mises’s considerable fame in the former and limited posthumous reputation in the latter field. I argue that von Mises’s contributions to fluid dynamics and aerodynamics suffered chiefly from two somewhat interconnected deficiencies compared to the work of his principal competitors. There was, on the one hand, von Mises’s methodological preference for applied mathematics as opp…
Bee reverse-learning behavior and intra-colony differences: Simulations based on behavioral experiments reveal benefits of diversity
2014
Abstract Foraging bees use color cues to help identify rewarding from unrewarding flowers. As environmental conditions change, bees may require behavioral flexibility to reverse their learnt preferences. Learning to discriminate perceptually similar colors takes bees a long time, and thus potentially poses a difficult task to reverse-learn. We trained free-flying honeybees to learn a fine color discrimination task that could only be resolved (with about 70% accuracy) following extended differential conditioning. The bees were then tested for their ability to reverse-learn this visual problem. Subsequent analyses potentially identified individual behavioral differences that could be broadly …
Development of a questionnaire to assay recalled liking for salt, sweet and fat
2012
Abstract Liking for a sweet, salty or fatty diet may induce overconsumption of simple carbohydrates, sodium or lipids. Measuring overall liking of the corresponding sensory sensations contributes to understanding the determinants of dietary behaviours. However, no standardized validated questionnaire assaying these sensations is currently available. In the present study, we developed a web-based questionnaire, “PrefQuest”, which measures recalled liking for the following four sensations: salt, fat and salt, sweet, fat and sweet. PrefQuest included four types of items: (1) liking for sweet, fatty-sweet and fatty-salty foods, (2) preferences in the level of seasoning by adding salt, sweetener…
Intricate decision making : ambivalences and barriers when fulfilling an advance directive
2016
Lars Schröder,1 Gerhard Homme,1,2 Stephan Sahm3,4 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 2Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 3Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Ketteler Hospital, Offenbach, 4Institute for Ethics and History of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Background: Despite a recent statutory ruling stating the binding nature of advance directives (ADs), only a minority of the population has signed one. Yet, a majority deem it of utmost importance to ensure their wishes are followed through in case they are …
KAMA: A Temperature-Driven Model of Mate Choice Using Dynamic Partner Representations
2008
KAMA is a model of mate-choice based on a gradual, stochastic process of building up representations of potential partners through encounters and dating, ultimately leading to marriage. Individuals must attempt to find a suitable mate in a limited amount of time with only partial knowledge of the individuals in the pool of potential candidates. Individuals have multiple-valued character profiles, which describe a number of their characteristics (physical beauty, potential earning power, etc.), as well as preference profiles, that specify their degree of preference for those characteristics in members of the opposite sex. A process of encounters and dating allows individuals to gradually bui…
Pre-treatment with high doses of cocaine decreases the reinforcing effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference paradigm.
2012
The aim of the present study was to determine if pre-exposure to high doses of cocaine can subsequently alter the rewarding effects of this drug. Adult male mice received a pretreatment of physiological saline, or 12.5 or 25 mg/kg of cocaine (one injection a day for five days). After an interval of six days without injections, the rewarding effects of low doses of cocaine (0.5, 1 or 1.5 mg/kg) were evaluated in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Doses of 1 and 1.5 mg/kg induced a clear CPP in animals pre-treated with saline but were ineffective in those pre-treated with 25 mg/kg of cocaine. Only the dose of 1.5 mg/kg induced CPP in mice pre-treated with 12.5 mg/kg of cocaine. …
Latent Class Model to Test the Preferences Heterogeneity in the Perceived Information by Public Transport Users
2012
The aim of analysis is to understand as not reliable information influence the user behaviour and how much disincentive the public transport use. For this purpose, a Stated Preference Survey has been carried out in order to know the preferences of public transport users related to information needs and uncertainty on the information provided by Advanced Traveller Information System (ATIS). The perceived uncertainty is defined as the information accuracy. In our study, it was considered the difference between forecasted or scheduled waiting time at the bus stop and/or metro station provided by ATIS, and experienced one by user, to catch the bus and/or metro respectively. A questionnaire has …
Measure, category and learning theory
1995
Measure and category (or rather, their recursion theoretical counterparts) have been used in Theoretical Computer Science to make precise the intuitive notion “for most of the recursive sets.” We use the notions of effective measure and category to discuss the relative sizes of inferrible sets, and their complements. We find that inferrible sets become large rather quickly in the standard hierarchies of learnability. On the other hand, the complements of the learnable sets are all large.