Search results for "present"
showing 10 items of 3598 documents
Elevated NKG2D ligand expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
2014
T cells remain unclear. Expressing myelin-reactive T cell receptor (TCR) is not sufficient to make a T cell encephalitogenic. In fact, the frequencies of myelin-reactive T cells are comparable between MS patients and healthy individuals, but the ones in MS patients have activated/memory phenotypes. In the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), myelin-specific T cells activated with antigen presenting cells (APCs) plus myelin peptide are encephalitogenic, whereas T cells activated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies are not. This suggests that APCs provide critical cytokines beyond T cell receptor activation and co-stimulation, contributing to encephalitogenicity. To …
A practical approach to improve the statistical performance of surface water monitoring networks
2019
The representativeness of aquatic ecosystem monitoring and the precision of the assessment results are of high importance when implementing the EU’s Water Framework Directive that aims to secure a good status of waterbodies in Europe. However, adapting monitoring designs to answer the objectives and allocating the sampling resources effectively are seldom practiced. Here, we present a practical solution how the sampling effort could be re-allocated without decreasing the precision and confidence of status class assignment. For demonstrating this, we used a large data set of 272 intensively monitored Finnish lake, coastal, and river waterbodies utilizing an existing framework for quantifying…
Cholera-Like Enterotoxins and Regulatory T cells
2010
Cholera toxin (CT) and the heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli (LT), as well as their non toxic mutants, are potent mucosal adjuvants of immunization eliciting mucosal and systemic responses against unrelated co-administered antigens in experimental models and in humans (non toxic mutants). These enterotoxins are composed of two subunits, the A subunit, responsible for an ADP-ribosyl transferase activity and the B subunit, responsible for cell binding. Paradoxically, whereas the whole toxins have adjuvant properties, the B subunits of CT (CTB) and of LT (LTB) have been shown to induce antigen specific tolerance when administered mucosally with antigens in experimental models as well as, rece…
Global treatment of chromatographic data with MICHROM
1997
Abstract The program MICHROM for the general treatment of chromatographic data is presented. MICHROM takes part in all the stages of the analytical process. It allows determination of dead time, smoothing of chromatograms, measurement of peak parameters, fitting of skewed peaks, and deconvolution of overlapped peaks. Tools for the experimental design, optimization of the mobile phase composition to resolve a mixture of analytes, and simulation of chromatograms in several experimental conditions, are implemented. Routines for the graphical representation of chromatograms, resolution surfaces, contour maps, management of data series, optimization and regression analysis, are also included. Th…
Immune evasion proteins of murine cytomegalovirus preferentially affect cell surface display of recently generated peptide presentation complexes.
2009
CD8 T cells recognize infected cells by interaction of their T-cell receptor (TCR) with a cell surface presentation complex composed of a cognate antigenic peptide bound to a presenting allelic form of a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) glycoprotein (77, 85, 97, 98). The number of such “peptide receptors” per cell has been estimated to be on the order of 105 to 106 for each MHC-I allomorph (for a review, see reference 82). Viral antigenic peptides are generated within infected cells by proteolytic processing of viral proteins, usually in the proteasome, and associate with nascent MHC-I proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before the peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes travel …
Giovani virtuosi e dove trovarli: Percorsi formativi e rappresentazioni dell’età giovanile nella tradizione pedagogica e letteraria cinese
2021
Infanzia ed educazione sono tematiche in cui è presente una forte dicotomia: hanno per natura una componente universale, in quanto presenti nell’organizzazione sociale fin dai tempi più antichi, ma allo stesso tempo sono fortemente caratterizzate e influenzate dall’ambiente culturale in cui si evolvono In Cina, testi classici e pratiche sociali sono solo due degli elementi che hanno contribuito a modellare il carattere originale del bambino, la cui formazione, nel corso della storia del pensiero cinese, fu influenzata dalle grandi dottrine – buddhismo, daoismo e confucianesimo – e successivamente dall’incontro con l’Occidente. Attraverso un variegato corpus di fonti primarie – trattati filo…
Iconografía del miedo: el cine y el "terror rojo"
2012
El presente texto se ocupa de la puesta en discurso cinematográfico del miedo en la Guerra Civil y su rápida codificación en el dominio de la propaganda y de la representación inmediatamente posterior. Nos centraremos en ese relato del «terror rojo» que constituyó un verdadero género en la literatura, el arte, las memorias, pero no menos en los dominios jurídicos y penales que tuvieron por objeto la represión e, incluso, la venganza política. El cine posee una doble particularidad que lo hace terreno singular para la reflexión: por una parte, su plasticidad narrativa, en cuyo seno los instrumentos de ficción permiten reconstruir y hacer vivir sentimientos y emociones, en este caso la angust…
Recensione al volume Thrift N., Non-Representational Theory, London and New York, Routledge, 2008, 326 pp., in Rivista Geografica Italiana, CXVIII, f…
2011
Si può affermare che un’osservazione di tipo non-rappresentazionale (o forse meglio non rappresentativa) consideri un fenomeno geografico come continuamente in evoluzione a causa di azioni, opportunità, interazioni, flussi (finanziari, di informazioni, di persone) e nuovi processi transterritoriali che devono essere gestiti diversamente rispetto al passato. La nuova prospettiva considera dunque molto significativi gli improvvisi nuovi equilibri che derivano in sostanza dalla globalizzazione e in particolare dalla tecnologia. Si ritiene pertanto complessa una sistematizzazione delle conoscenze, una definizione del fenomeno e l’affermazione di una sola verità condivisa. Vengono riformulati i …
Learning by Teaching and Assessing: A Teaching Experience
2015
This chapter describes a teaching experience whereby students learnt by teaching and assessing other students. A group of students was tasked with explaining a topic from the course and preparing an exam on that topic. The remaining students in the class completed a questionnaire to measure their satisfaction. They also completed an online test on the topic following the presentation by their peers. Assessment was based on a win-win strategy because the average mark on the test counted towards the final assessment of the students who gave the presentation. The methodology allows students to study content in greater depth level and develop skills like responsibility, critical analysis and em…
One-Sided Prototype Selection on Class Imbalanced Dissimilarity Matrices
2012
In the dissimilarity representation paradigm, several prototype selection methods have been used to cope with the topic of how to select a small representation set for generating a low-dimensional dissimilarity space. In addition, these methods have also been used to reduce the size of the dissimilarity matrix. However, these approaches assume a relatively balanced class distribution, which is grossly violated in many real-life problems. Often, the ratios of prior probabilities between classes are extremely skewed. In this paper, we study the use of renowned prototype selection methods adapted to the case of learning from an imbalanced dissimilarity matrix. More specifically, we propose the…