Search results for "pressure"
showing 10 items of 4493 documents
Body weight variation and control of cardiovascular risk factors in essential hypertension.
2009
The objective was to assess the impact of weight changes on blood pressure (BP), lipids and glucose goals in a cohort of hypertensive subjects.Prospective follow-up.Hypertension clinic.326 hypertensive non-diabetic subjects, 46% with metabolic syndrome (MS).Usual care treatment, which included diet, physical exercise and drugs prescribed when indicated. All patients were observed for up to 1 year.BP and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) goal were those in ESH/ESC and ATP III recommendations, respectively. The glucose goal was to delay progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus, or to achieve blood glucose100 mg/dl for non-diabetics. According to body weight changes, patients were cat…
Salt-regulating hormones in young normotensive obese subjects. Effects of saline load.
1994
To investigate whether the response of salt-regulating hormones to volume expansion is impaired in obese subjects, we assessed the effects of saline load (0.25 mL/kg.min.120 min) in 9 young, healthy, normotensive obese subjects (body mass index, > 30 kg/m2) and in 10 lean control subjects (body mass index, < 25 kg/m2) matched for age, gender, height, and mean blood pressure. Hematocrit, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) were evaluated. Saline load increased ANF levels significantly (P < .001) in lean subjects at both 60 and 120 minutes, whereas they decreased in obese subjects. Such decreases b…
Polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene and the outcome of microalbuminuria in essential hypertension: a 3-year follow-up study.
2003
Background: The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship of polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene with the changes in microalbuminuria during 3 years of antihypertensive treatment in a group of young adults with essential hypertension. Methods: Essential hypertensives, less than 50 years old, never previously treated with antihypertensive drugs and in the absence of diabetes mellitus were included. After the initial evaluation, patients were treated using only nonpharmacological measures (n=23), only β-blockers (n=26), only angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) (n=57) or a combination of treatments (n=25). The office blood pressure, biochemical profile and…
Associations of Maximal Strength and Muscular Endurance with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
2013
The aim was to study the associations of maximal strength and muscular endurance with single and clustered cardiovascular risk factors. Muscular endurance, maximal strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and waist circumference were measured in 686 young men (25±5 years). Cardiovascular risk factors (plasma glucose, serum high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure) were determined. The risk factors were transformed to z-scores and the mean of values formed clustered cardiovascular risk factor. Muscular endurance was inversely associated with triglycerides, s-LDL-cholesterol, glucose and blood pressure (β=-0.09 to - 0.23, p0.05), and positively with s-HDL choles…
Behavior of the total antioxidant status in a group of subjects with metabolic syndrome.
2014
AIM: Our purpose was to examine the total antioxidant status (TAS) in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) subdivided according to the presence or not of diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We enrolled 106 subjects (45 women, 61 men) with MS subsequently subdivided in diabetics (14 women, 29 men) and nondiabetics (31 women, 29 men). TAS was obtained using an Assay kit which relies on the ability of plasma antioxidant substances to inhibit the oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) to the radical ABTS+. RESULTS: In the group of MS subjects a significant decrease in TAS (p<0.05) in comparison with normal controls was evident. This difference was present between normal subje…
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Glucose Tolerance in Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
2014
Study objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), even in patients with morbid obesity. Our goal was to address whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment improved glucose metabolism in this population. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in severe OSA patients with morbid obesity without diabetes in two university referral hospitals. Patients received conservative (CT) versus CPAP treatment for 12 weeks. MetS components, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and oral glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and after treatment. Results A total of 80 …
Long-Term Impact of Systolic Blood Pressure and Glycemia on the Development of Microalbuminuria in Essential Hypertension
2005
The objective was to assess the temporal impact of factors related to the development of microalbuminuria during the follow-up of young adult normoalbuminurics with high-normal blood pressure or at stage 1 of essential hypertension. Prospective follow-up was conducted on 245 normoalbuminuric hypertensive subjects (mean age 40.9 years; 134 men; blood pressure 139.7/88.6 mm Hg; body mass index 28.5 kg/m 2 ) never treated previously with antihypertensive drugs, with yearly urinary albumin excretion measurements, until the development of microalbuminuria. After enrollment, patients were placed on usual care including nonpharmacological treatment or with an antihypertensive drug regime to achie…
In renal transplanted patients inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated.
2006
Introduction: The inflammatory state plays a well-documented role to cause oxidative stress, especially in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, wherein several cardiovascular risk factors are amplified by the coexistence of a microinflammatory state with increased oxidative stress. Methods: We measured serum concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α-in vivo oxidative stress marker) in 15 chronic renal failure (CRF) and 15 transplant patients versus 15 healthy controls. Exclusion criteria were: age 65 years as well as a diagnosis of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated systolic (SBP) and …
Prolonged breast-feeding protects mothers from later-life obesity and related cardio-metabolic disorders
2011
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the long-term effects of duration of postpartum lactation on maternal body composition and risk for cardio-metabolic disorders in later life.DesignRetrospective study. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum glucose, insulin and lipids were analysed using enzymatic photometric methods 16–20 years after the last pregnancy. Medical history and lifestyle factors were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Detailed information regarding weight change patterns during each pregnancy was obtained from personal maternity tracking records.SettingCity of Jyväskylä and surroundings in Central Finland.SubjectsTwo hundred a…
Effects of Aging on Serum Ionized and Cytosolic Free Calcium
1999
Abstract —Elevated cytosolic free calcium (Ca i ) and reciprocally reduced, extracellular ionized calcium (Ca-ion) levels are observed in both hypertension and non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Because the changes of vascular function and insulin sensitivity in these conditions resemble the changes associated with “normal” aging, we wondered to what extent similar alterations in calcium metabolism occur with aging per se in the absence of overt hypertension or diabetes. We therefore measured platelet Ca i levels by spectrofluorometry and serum Ca-ion levels in normotensive, nondiabetic, healthy, normal, elderly (>65 years old) subjects, mean age ±SEM, 72.2±1.5 years old (…