Search results for "prevention"
showing 10 items of 1662 documents
Innovative barriers for peritoneal adhesion prevention: liquid or solid? A rat uterine horn model.
2005
Objective To compare the effects of solid barriers (PDLA membrane and foil, Interceed), innovative barrier solutions (Adept and Hyalobarrier Gel, phospholipid emulsion), and Ringer’s lactate solution in preventing postsurgical peritoneal adhesions in the rat. Design Prospective, randomized experimental study. Setting Rat model in an academic research environment. Animal(s) Female, nonpregnant Wistar rats. Intervention(s) Standardized surgical injuries were applied to the parietal and visceral peritoneum and the uterine horns. The barrier agents were applied and the wound was closed. A second-look laparoscopy was performed 31 days after surgery to assess adhesion formation. Main Outcome Meas…
Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomiz…
2018
[EN] This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height(2), ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postinterve…
Biometric characterization of the anterior segment in a Sahrawi pediatric population
2013
Purpose: To examine the biometric characteristics of the anterior segment in a group of Sahrawi children. Methods: A total of 66 children (33 male and 33 female, aged between 8 and 13 years) participated in this prospective, observational study. The non-invasive Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging device was used to measure corneal thickness (CT) (at the thinnest corneal point), mean anterior (Km Ant) and posterior (Km Post) corneal radii, corneal volume (CVol), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber volume (ACVol). The contribution of age and gender to the various parameters was investigated. Results: CT values of the present group of Sahrawi children were 521.70 ± 3.92 m. Boys had thi…
Competitive active video games: Physiological and psychological responses in children and adolescents
2015
Recent strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in children include replacing sedentary screen time for active video games. Active video game studies have focused principally on the metabolic consumption of a single player, with physiological and psychological responses of opponent-based multiplayer games to be further evaluated.To determine whether adding a competitive component to playing active video games impacts physiological and psychological responses in players.Sixty-two healthy Caucasian children and adolescents, nine to 14 years years of age, completed three conditions (8 min each) in random order: treadmill walking, and single and opponent-based Kinect active video games. Affect,…
One year after the ESC/EAS guidelines on cholesterol control. What's the new evidence? What's missing?
2021
The recent ESC/EAS 2019 Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias are centred on the causal role of low density lipoprotein (LDL), or more generally apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, in atherosclerosis as an essential principle. Despite updated goals and recommendations, that have further highlighted the importance of a powerful reduction in LDL-C levels to reduce the individual CV risk, some challenges remain to be addressed in view of future guideline elaboration. In this review, we will summarize the new evidence from clinical trials since 2019 guideline release and discuss the possible challenges for the future.
Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
2013
Background: Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men and women, largely due to improvements in surgical therapeutic approaches (tertiary prevention) and screening programs (secondary prevention), but differences in cancer incidence and survival according to socioeconomic status are documented worldwide. Health risk behaviors, defined as habits or practices that increase an individual’s likelihood of harmful health outcomes, are thought to mediate such inequalities. Discussion: Obesity has been related with increased cancer incidence and mortality due to imbalance of leptin and adiponectin which are connected to activation of PI3K, MAPK, and STAT3 p…
Antiplatelets in stroke prevention
2014
Stroke is the second cause of death worldwide and one of the leading cause of disability. Due to the high rate of recurrence, in high risk-patients (eg patients affected by atherosclerotic vascular disease), long-term antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of vascular events such as non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or vascular death. The percentage of reduction of the events can be estimated in approximately 25%. These data justify the directions that are given to us by the current guidelines for prevention of secondary stroke, which recommend the broad use of antiplatelet therapy both for the secondary prevention of stroke in patients with a history of non-cardioembolic st…
Antiplatelet treatment in ischemic stroke treatment.
2009
Antiplatelets represent a diverse group of agents that share the ability to reduce platelet activity through a variety of mechanisms. Antithrombotic agents are effective in the secondary prevention of ischemic strokes. Most strokes are caused by a sudden blockage of an artery in the brain (called an ischaemic stroke) that is usually due to a blood clot. Immediate treatment with antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin may prevent new clots from forming and hence improve recovery after stroke. Several studies have evaluated the role of one antiplatelet agent, aspirin, in reducing stroke severity. The International Stroke Trial (IST) of 20,000 patients with acute stroke from other countries. In thi…
Identification of a plausible serum uric acid cut-off value as prognostic marker of stroke: the Uric Acid Right for Heart Health (URRAH) study
2021
The Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension conceived and designed an ad hoc study aimed at searching for prognostic cut-off values of serum uric acid (SUA) in predicting combined (fatal and non-fatal) cerebrovascular (CBV) events in the whole database. The URic acid Right for heArt Health study is a nationwide, multicenter, observational cohort study involving data on subjects aged 18-95 years recruited on a regional community basis from all the territory of Italy under the patronage of the Italian Society of Hypertension with a mean follow-up period of 120.7 ± 61.8 months. A total of 14,588 subjects were included in the analysis. A prognos…
Lipid triad or atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype: a role in cardiovascular prevention?
2005
The term "lipid triad" or "atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype" has been introduced to describe a common form of dyslipidemia, characterized by three lipid abnormalities: increased plasma triglyceride levels, decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations and the presence of small, dense LDL particles. It has been suggested that the clinical importance of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype probably exceeds that of LDL-cholesterol, because many more patients with coronary artery disease are found to have this trait than hypercholesterolaemia. There is a body of evidence that therapies effective against plasma HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with a strong reduction of cardiovascul…