Search results for "pricing"
showing 10 items of 167 documents
Public provision versus private provision of industrial land: a hedonic approach
2005
Abstract This study examines the factors that explain the differences observed between the industrial land prices offered by the public sector and those offered by the private sector by means of estimating three hedonic pricing models. The results obtained show that location, defined as the distance to a highway, the distance to the city business district and the distance to the capital of the province, have an important impact on industrial land value. However, this impact is greater when private developers provide the land. Other variables considered, such as who is behind the provision of the industrial land, have an important impact on sale prices.
La progettazione di interventi per una mobilità sostenibile in ambito urbano
2014
Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di proporre un modo diverso di intendere le ZTL (Zone a Traffico Limitato), sia dal punto di vista della loro pianificazione sia dal punto di vista tecnologico e gestionale. Si intende puntare a risultati concreti e innovativi, ricercando strumenti, processi e soluzioni per il miglioramento della pianificazione, organizzazione e gestione delle ZTL. In particolare, si affronta il tema del road pricing e del parking pricing e di come questi strumenti si possono integrare all’interno del sistema trasportistico già esistente. A fronte di questi temi si vuole proporre un modello di pricing innovativo, sia dal punto di vista tecnologico sia metodologico, c…
Stackelberg Game Theory Based Energy Management Systems in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources
2021
The game theory concept has been adapted for energy management between energy producers and consumers in the presence of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs). The objective of...
Pricing Reinsurance Contracts
2011
Pricing and hedging insurance contracts is hard to perform if we subscribe to the hypotheses of the celebrated Black and Scholes model. Incomplete market models allow for the relaxation of hypotheses that are unrealistic for insurance and reinsurance contracts. One such assumption is the tradeability of the underlying asset. To overcome this drawback, we propose in this chapter a stochastic programming model leading to a superhedging portfolio whose final value is at least equal to the insurance final liability. A simple model extension, furthermore, is shown to be sufficient to determine an optimal reinsurance protection for the insurer: we propose a conditional value at risk (VaR) model p…
A bottom up approach to evaluate risk in network environment
2008
Firms dependence on environment has been contended in various way one of the most suited is the collaboration among other firms in order to realize extra rents. Firm dependence on environment is particularly crucial in sector characterised by complex technology or complex product (product requiring an articulated supply chain) that make the market instable. In this scenario the alliance, whatever is the inter-organizational solution chosen, causes new forms of dependence that are the origins of network risks. In order to evaluate correctly the extra rents a long range perspective has to be assumed and a financial analysis has to be followed. To evaluate expected cash flows it needs to known…
OS ECJ-TF 1/2019 on the ECJ Decision of 31 May 2018 in Hornbach-Baumarkt (Case C-382/16) Concerning the Application of Transfer Pricing Rules to Tran…
2019
This article is focused on the Court's decision in Hornbach-Baumarkt (Case C-382/16) (Hornbach) which is an important clarification of the conditional compatibility of arm's length-based domestic transfer pricing legislation with the freedom of establishment. Hornbach follows and confirms the previous doctrine formulated in SGI (Case C-311/08). The decision did not follow Advocate General's approach, which would have denied comparability of domestic and cross-border situations in transfer pricing cases and, hence, prevent scrutiny of domestic transfer pricing legislation under the fundamental freedoms. The authors welcome the requirement that Member States have to grant taxpayers the opport…
An Innovative Pricing Method for Telecommunication Services Pricing through American Options
2009
With the evolution of telecommunication networks and of their services the role of service provider is changed, so nowadays there is a coexistence of Network Operators and Virtual Operators. The difference between these players is not in the way they offer a service but primarily in their economic objectives and risk attitudes. Essentially, Network Operators own their infrastructures and typically have to sustain both fixed costs (CAPEX) and recurrent costs (OPEX), while Virtual Operators may have a simpler cost structure, mainly consisting of OPEX for the hire of network resources. Since these two operators can provide the same service in two different markets, their objectives differ subs…
American Options Based Service Pricing For Virtual Operators
2008
In the recent years, the role of service provider has split into two broad categories: Network Operators, offering services over their networks, and Virtual Operators, providing services over leased resources. What differentiates these players is to a minor extent a matter of enhanced service offer, and primarily a matter of economic objectives and risk attitudes. Essentially, Network Operators own their infrastructures and typically have to sustain both fixed costs (CAPEX) and recurrent costs (OPEX), while Virtual Operators may have a simpler cost structure, mainly consisting of OPEX for hiring the network. Correspondingly, the objectives of these players may differ profoundly: on one hand…
Parking Pricing for a Sustainable Transport System
2014
Abstract The purpose of this study has been the develop of a model for designing an efficient parking pricing policy. The aim is an intelligent control and management system of parking pricing integrated with a redefinition of the circulation scheme for a limited traffic zone in the Central Business District (CBD) of Palermo. The transport demand over the entire area of the town has been studied in order to design various parking pricing scenarios with the application of an additional cost on parking inside the selected area of the CBD. This area attracts most of the private vehicular traffic and it is characterized by university faculties, schools, hospitals, offices and commercial areas. …
Revenue-Aware Resource Allocation in the Future Multi-Service IP Networks
2006
In the future IP networks, a wide range of different service classes must be supported in a network node and different classes of customers will pay different prices for their used node resources based on their Service-Level-Agreements. In this paper, we link the resource allocation issue with pricing strategies and explore the problem of maximizing the revenue of service providers in a network node by optimally allocating a given amount of node resources among multiple service classes. Under the linear pricing strategy, the optimal resource allocation scheme is derived for the case that no firm Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees are required for all service classes, which can achieve the …