Search results for "pricing"

Should conference pricing mechanisms incorporate options?

2016

The provision of many services is often characterized by demand uncertainty, as, at the time of purchase, consumers may not be completely informed about their valuation for the service or the possibility to utilize the service when it will actually be provided. For such reason, service providers implement several pricing mechanisms to maximize their profits in presence of consumer uncertainty and heterogeneity. A commonly adopted mechanism is intertemporal price discrimination, under which service providers charge different prices to consumers buying at different times. For instance, a lower price is usually offered to consumer buying early in advance, whereas higher price is practiced to l…

Infrastructure, Tariff and Legal Action: How to Achieve a Climate-Friendly Transport System

2011

Transportation absorbs about 70% of oil consumption in EU countries. The fuels that burn in the field of transport are composed of 96% of oil. Energy efficiency of road and air traffic must also be improved. But transport environmental impacts reductions should be made necessarily through a transfer of traffic from the car, lorries and aircraft to train, ship, and non motorized two-wheelers into the EU cities. In fact the former are large producers of greenhouse gases, while the latter are more environmentally friendly means of transport in climate. Reaching an annual increase of 1% of the modal split in favour of more sustainable means of transport on the environment must be set as a goal …

PARKING PRICING FOR A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

2014

The purpose of this study has been to develop a model to designing an efficient parking pricing policy. The aim is an intelligent control and management system of parking pricing integrated with a redefinition of the circulation scheme to define a limited traffic zone in the central business district of Palermo. The transport demand over the entire area of the town has been studied in order to design various parking pricing scenarios with the application of an additional cost on parking inside the selected area of the CBD. This area attracts most of the private vehicular traffic and it is characterized by university faculties, schools, hospitals, offices and commercial areas. The optimal ho…

TECNICHE QUANTITATIVE PER LA PROGETTAZIONE DELLA TARIFFAZIONE DELLA SOSTA IN AMBITO URBANO

Ad oggi numerose resistenze dibattono sull’adozione di schemi di pricing nei centri urbani dalla presunta iniquità, che renderebbero di fatto accessibili i centri urbani soltanto a coloro che possono permettersi di pagare la tariffa di accesso. Ma al contempo l’evoluzione di tecnologie innovative di rilevamento e di infomobilità consentono di ipotizzare un completo ribaltamento dei criteri di tassazione del traffico stradale, dove il carico fiscale potrebbe essere rimodulato in relazione agli effettivi comportamenti di ogni singolo utente. L’obiettivo è stato quello di controllare e limitare la mobilità all’interno di una determinata area urbana attraverso un nuovo modo di concepire le ZTL …

Demand Response Pricing Strategies for Islanded Microgrids

2013

In this paper, Time of Use and Critical Peak Pricing policies are designed and their effects on optimized operation is evaluated. For this purpose, an optimal operation algorithm is employed and the relevant production costs are derived. As far as the Time of Use policy is concerned, such costs are observed to be different in two time intervals of the day, due to the loads changing effect and the production of renewable energy. Whereas in the Critical Peak Pricing Policy, a peak time interval is identified to set up different pricing rates. The optimization algorithm used to carry out the work described above minimizes the microgrid's energy losses, the production costs and the Green House …

Factors influencing prices in the mobile apps’ store distribution model: An empirical study

2012

METODO DI STIMA DEL PREZZO DI ESERCIZIO DI UN TITOLO DERIVATO E DISPOSITIVO DI ELABORAZIONE ELETTRONICA CHE REALIZZA TALE METODO

2007

Another Look on Choosing Factors: The International Evidence

2019

Extending Fama and French’s (2018) U.S. study on choosing factors to international equity markets, we test nested and non-nested asset pricing models for North America, Europe, Asia excluding Japan, and Japan. For non-nested models, we propose a new simulation methodology using a blocks bootstrap approach that takes into account factor dependencies. The resultant out-of-sample Sharpe ratios across all models and countries are lower than Fama and French’s pairs bootstrap approach. While we confirm that the six-factor model with market, size, and small size spread factors for value, profit, investment, and momentum produces the highest maximum squared Sharpe ratio in most economies, an except…

Electoral opportunism and water pricing with incomplete transfer of control rights

2020

One of the forms of intervention in public services that lie beyond market forces is price control. While such regulation is justified by the need to achieve social goals, empirical evidence has sh...

Growth in Average Firm Size of U.S. Industrial Portfolios and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns

2018

This paper shows that growth in average firm size in U.S. industrial portfolios predicts future growth in average firm size. Moreover, the payoffs of industrial portfolios sorted by growth in average firm size in the previous period increase linearly as we move from lowest to highest growth in average firm size. The spread between highest and lowest growth in average firm size is economically large and cannot be explained by exposures to standard risk factors or the asset growth effect (Cooper, Gulen, and Schill, 2008). Principal component analysis reveals that this growth in average firm size effect is linked to the first principal component. Moreover, stochastic discount factor model anal…