Search results for "primer"
showing 10 items of 530 documents
Nuclear insulin receptor substrate 1 interacts with estrogen receptor alpha at ERE promoters.
2004
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a major signaling molecule activated by the insulin and insulin-like growth factor I receptors. Recent data obtained in different cell models suggested that in addition to its conventional role as a cytoplasmic signal transducer, IRS-1 has a function in the nuclear compartment. However, the role of nuclear IRS-1 in breast cancer has never been addressed. Here we report that in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positive MCF-7 cells, (1) a fraction of IRS-1 was translocated to the nucleus upon 17-beta-estradiol (E2) treatment; (2) E2-dependent nuclear translocation of IRS-1 was blocked with the antiestrogen ICI 182,780; (3) nuclear IRS-1 colocalized and…
The Synthetic Cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-I…
2010
In this article, we demonstrate that the synthetic cannabinoid R-(+)-(2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(4-morpholinyl)methyl]pyrol[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-(1-naphthalenyl) methanone mesylate (WIN 55,212-2) sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). The apoptotic mechanism induced by treatment with WIN/TRAIL combination involved the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and led to the activation of caspases. In HCC cells, WIN treatment induced the up-regulation of TRAIL death receptor DR5, an effect that seemed to be related to the increase in the level of p8 and CHOP, two factors implicat…
Expression of WISPs and of their novel alternative variants in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
2005
WISPs (Wnt-induced secreted proteins) are members of the CCN (CTGF/Cyr61/Nov) family involved in fibrotic disorders and tumorigenesis. They have a typical structure composed of four conserved cysteine-rich modular domains, but variants of CCN members lacking one or more modules, generated by alternative splicing or gene mutations, have been described in various pathological conditions. WISP genes were first described as downstream targets of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is frequently altered in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, WISP mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR in four human HCC cell lines (HepG2, HuH-6, HuH-7, HA22T/VGH). Our results show for the fir…
Cardenales y "nobleza eclesiástica" en Italia, entre ficción y biografía (siglos XVI-XVII)
2016
The literature on cardinals examined in this article (writings on conclaves, biographies, funeral orations and relations, as well as descriptions of funeral apparati) demonstrate an ostentatious prevalence of the “purple” on the “blood”, of the ecclesiastical nobility on the honour of the lineage, of the genealogy of the Church on that of the family trees. Such prevalence was of course rhetoric within a system that made the kinship relationships as its strength and had a noble social block behind itself. The exception of some cardinals or popes of humble birth, indeed, confirmed the rule of the patrician or aristocratic descent of the majority of them. In this regard, as Peter Burke (2001) …
Complexity of IL-1β induced gene expression pattern in human articular chondrocytes
1997
The mRNA fingerprinting technique, differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain (DDRT-PCR), was used to detect changes in the overall pattern of gene expression in human articular knee chondrocytes-induced by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), the prototypical inducer of catabolic responses in degenerate joint diseases. One hundred different primer combinations generated approximately 10,000 different PCR fragments for IL-1 beta treated, as well as for untreated human chondrocytes, cultivated in alginate beads. This represented 53% of all expressed chondrocyte genes as based on statistical considerations. Side by side comparisons of differential display patterns originating from…
Expression of M-cadherin protein in myogenic cells during prenatal mouse development and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in culture.
1994
Molecules regulating morphogenesis by cell-cell interactions are the cadherins, a class of calcium-dependent adhesion molecules. One of its members, M-cadherin, has been isolated from a myoblast cell line (Donalies et al. [1991] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:8024—8028). In mouse development, expression of M-cadherin mRNA first appears at day 8.5 of gestation (E8.5) in somites and has been postulated to be down-regulated in developing muscle masses (Moore and Walsh [1993] Development 117:1409—1420). Affinity-purified polyclonal M-cadherin antibodies, detecting a protein of approximately 120 kDa, were used to study the cell expression pattern of M-cadherin protein. It was first visualized …
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in response of human laryngeal carcinoma cells to carboplatin but is absent in carboplatin resistant cells
2013
The major obstacle of successful tumor treatment with carboplatin (CBP) is the development of drug resistance. In the present study, we found that following treatment with CBP the amount of platinum which enters the human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2)-derived CBP- resistant (7T) cells is reduced relative to the parental HEp2. As a consequence, the formation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) is reduced, the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is diminished, the amount of inter- and intrastrand cross-links is lower, and the induction of apoptosis is depressed. In HEp2 cells, ROS scavenger tempol, inhibitor of ER stress salubrinal, as well as gene silencing of ER stress marker CCAAT/…
Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors
2007
Although endocannabinoids constitute one of the first lines of defense against pain, the anatomical locus and the precise receptor mechanisms underlying cannabinergic modulation of pain are uncertain. Clinical exploitation of the system is severely hindered by the cognitive deficits, memory impairment, motor disturbances and psychotropic effects resulting from the central actions of cannabinoids. We deleted the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) specifically in nociceptive neurons localized in the peripheral nervous system of mice, preserving its expression in the CNS, and analyzed these genetically modified mice in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The nociceptor-spec…
Direct suppression of CNS autoimmune inflammation via the cannabinoid receptor CB1 on neurons and CB2 on autoreactive T cells.
2007
The cannabinoid system is immunomodulatory and has been targeted as a treatment for the central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. Using an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we investigated the role of the CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors in regulating CNS autoimmunity. We found that CB(1) receptor expression by neurons, but not T cells, was required for cannabinoid-mediated EAE suppression. In contrast, CB(2) receptor expression by encephalitogenic T cells was critical for controlling inflammation associated with EAE. CB(2)-deficient T cells in the CNS during EAE exhibited reduced levels of apoptosis, a higher…
Abdominal-B and caudal inhibit the formation of specific neuroblasts in the Drosophila tail region
2013
The central nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster consists of fused segmental units (neuromeres), each generated by a characteristic number of neural stem cells (neuroblasts). In the embryo, thoracic and anterior abdominal neuromeres are almost equally sized and formed by repetitive sets of neuroblasts, whereas the terminal abdominal neuromeres are generated by significantly smaller populations of progenitor cells. Here we investigated the role of the Hox gene Abdominal-B in shaping the terminal neuromeres. We show that the regulatory isoform of Abdominal-B (Abd-B.r) not only confers abdominal fate to specific neuroblasts (e.g. NB6-4) and regulates programmed cell death of several proge…