Search results for "private"

First World War Diaries: Making the Private Public

2020

This article analyses several World War I Diaries written by soldiers on the Front. Starting with the circumstances of publication and their effects on the text, the article addresses the passage of these very private texts into public life, before turning to the role played by the diaries for the soldiers who write them. Studies of the diary as a genre are used to show how war diaries fit into the more general genre. Finally the article turns to the reception of these works, by studying what part literary distance may play for the soldiers keeping a diary, and by arguing that the task of making sense of these texts has been transferred to present-day readers.

Public-private sector pay gaps by industry, quantile and gender

2010

Measuring, comparing and interpreting phenotypic selection on floral scent

2022

Natural selection on floral scent composition is a key element of the hypothesis that pollinators and other floral visitors drive scent evolution. The measure of such selection is complicated by the high-dimensional nature of floral scent data and uncertainty about the cognitive processes involved in scent-mediated communication. We use dimension reduction through reduced-rank regression to jointly estimate a scent composite trait under selection and the strength of selection acting on this trait. To assess and compare variation in selection on scent across species, time and space, we reanalyse 22 datasets on six species from four previous studies. The results agreed qualitatively with prev…

Financial Performance of Mandatory Private Pension Funds in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe. A Comparative Study Between Romania and Slovakia

2020

Decreased birth rate and aging population represent a treat to PAYG public pension systems implemented in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, due to the fact that the financing is direct dependent of the social contributions payed by the taxpayers active on labor market. As solution, World Bank promotes the diversification of funding sources for pension systems and a multi-pillar structure that includes privately managed pension funds. The purpose of this paper is to present how the multi-pillar structure was implemented in Romania and Slovakia, focusing on the evolution and performance of mandatory private pension funds. The main conclusion of this article highlights that in the curre…

LA DIR. 2020/1828/UE SULLE AZIONI RAPPRESENTATIVE E IL “SISTEMA DELLE PROVE”. LA PROMOZIONE DELL’INTERESSE PUBBLICO ATTRAVERSO LA TUTELA DEGLI INTERE…

2022

The EU Directive 2020/1828 is the arrival point of a troubled harmo-nization process on collective techniques for consumers’ protection, no longer limited to injunctive measures but also extended to redress ones. The essay focuses on the two provisions dedicated, respec-tively, to the binding effects of jurisdictional/ administrative decisions as well as to the exhibition orders. The Author stresses how, through those legislative measures and despite the uncertainties still related to the ongoing implementation process, a European Regulatory Pri-vate Law enforcement is being shaped more and more oriented to the consistency between its “private” and “public”dimension.

LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE: RIGHT TO A NAME, PERSONAL IDENTITY AND PRIVATE LIFE IN CONTEXT

2014

The name is the key to identify a single individual and to link a person to her family, as well as the primary interface in the relationship between a person and the community he or she lives in. This study claims that private life and private autonomy are becoming interpretative arguments and vehicles to ensure that law would be able to follow – and sometimes to chase – social changes in personal and family life, in finding new rules to regulate the relationship between the individual, the family and public authorities or between a private individual and the community she interfaces with.1 Judicial interpretative activity often reveals legislative shortcomings. In particular, the judiciary…

Il principio dell’insindacabilità della valutazione del merito creditizio alla prova dei miniprestiti emergenziali integralmente coperti da garanzia …

2022

Article 13, lett. m), of law decree n. 23/2020 introduced some measures in order to expand firm’s access to credit and counter the negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic. After providing an historical view of the italian legislation in the field of pubblic credit, the two authors argue that the aforementioned article, which in their view introduce a right to credit, is not an isolated case, given that the legislator had already introduced limits to the private autonomy of banks in presence of public subsidies. Moreover, according to the authors the duty to make credit and the limits and restrictive conditions for access to credit provided for by law exclude civil or criminal liability for un…

Regulating (and Self-regulating) the Sharing Economy in Europe: An Overview

2018

The article describes the main legal challenges for regulating the sharing (or collaborative) economy in Europe and explains how the existing body of EU law applies to these new business models. In the last part, it makes a few brief comments on the need for future regulation.

French PhDs employed in private sector. The signal effect of chaotic pathways

2017

International audience; This research deals with the question of french PhDs´ career trajectories and especially those that lead to private sector employment. Using longitudinal survey "Generation" from Cereq, which allows to observe professional paths over the first five years of working life, we show that for PhDs graduated in 2010, public-sector research remains the main opening.There are few career paths leading to private sector and PhDs working in firms found their job at a very early stage in their working life. Using data analysis and econometrics methods we find that thesis conditions, professional expectations and cahotic pathways are obstacles to employment in firms.

RECONSIDERING THE FUNDING SOURCES FOR THE HEALTH SYSTEM IN ROMANIA

2010

An optimal health system must ensure that all citizens have free access to medical services, and to determine the effective use of funds. We therefore reach the conclusion that the health financing system that best meets the optimal criteria is the public one. We believe that a system of public health funding should be based not only on contributions, but also on funding from the state budget; therefore it should combine the two public sources. If it were based solely on contributions, then the earnings should be volatile towards the economic cyclicality, and would not ensure the fiscal sustainability of the system. The private health financing system should be based on private insurances, …