Search results for "probability"
showing 10 items of 3417 documents
The role of linkages in firm performance: evidence from southern Italy
2000
Abstract This paper estimates the probability of success of post-entry performance of new firms, using survey data from a group of southern-Italian small firms. Several factors involving inter-firm linkages contribute to success, especially production for order and subcontracting. The empirical investigation supports Hirschman’s idea on the industrialization process and positive assessments of the downsizing phenomenon in Italy.
Empirical Likelihood Method for a Location Parameter Using Some Robust Estimators
2022
Pētījumā attīstītas empīriskās ticamības (EL) metodes divu un vairāku neatkarīgu populāciju salīdzināšanai, balstoties uz robustiem lokācijas parametra novērtētājiem. Iegūti jauni asimptotiskie rezultāti par empīriskās ticamības metodēm: 1) divu M-novērtētāju starpībai; 2) divu nošķeltu vidējo vērtību starpībai; 3) uz empīrisko ticamību balstītai ANOVA metodei vairāk kā divu nošķeltu vidējo vērtību salīdzināšanai. Tika izstrādāts simulāciju eksperiments un analizēti datu piemēri, kas parādīja, ka jauniegūtās metodes ir līdzvērtīga alternatīva klasiskās statistikas metodēm gadījumos, kad dati ir normāli sadalīti – tām ir līdzīga jauda un spēja kontrolēt empīrisko pirmā veida kļūdu. Turklāt m…
Limit theorems and price changes in financial markets
1998
Abstract We discuss the relation between limit theorems in probability theory and price change statistics in financial markets. An analysis of the published empirical results and theoretical models show that the problem of the statistical properties of price (or index) changes is still open. By using the limit theorems of probability theory and the current assumption that stock prices are well described by martingales, we point out that the probability density function (PDF) of price changes is expected to belong to theclass of infinitely divisible PDFs.
Principles for Solving Sequential Multiple Criteria Decision Problems
1983
In this paper a sequential multiple criteria decision problem is studied. The problem arises, when a decision maker is unable to consider all possible decision alternatives simultaneously. If the decision maker evaluates only a subset of all decisions from among which he chooses the most preferred alternative, it is not necessarily 'globally' best. In this context an interesting question is, how good the most preferred alternative is and what the chances are of finding a better solution by considering additional alternatives. The principles of a an approach based on probability theory to solving this problem are described and illustrated with numerical examples.
Dealing with Product Similarity in Conjoint Simulations
2001
One of the reasons conjoint analysis has been so popular as a management decision tool has been the availability of a choice simulator. These simulators often arrive in the form of a software or spreadsheet program accompanying the output of a conjoint study. These simulators enable managers to perform ‘what if’ questions about their market—estimating market shares under various assumptions about competition and their own offerings. As examples, simulators can predict the market share of a new offering; they can estimate the direct and cross elasticity of price changes within a market, or they can form the logical guide to strategic simulations that anticipate short- and long-term competiti…
Lovastatin attenuates ionizing radiation-induced normal tissue damage in vivo.
2009
Abstract Background and purpose HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used lipid-lowering drugs. Moreover, they have pleiotropic effects on cellular stress responses, proliferation and apoptosis in vitro . Here, we investigated whether lovastatin attenuates acute and subchronic ionizing radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity in vivo . Materials and methods Four hours to 24h after total body irradiation (6Gy) of Balb/c mice, acute pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses were analyzed. To comprise subchronic radiation toxicity, mice were irradiated twice with 2.5Gy and analyses were performed 3weeks after the first radiation treatment. Molecular markers of inflammation and f…
Reinterpretation of Classic Proton Charge Form Factor Measurements
2020
In 1963, a proton radius of $0.805(11)~\mathrm{fm}$ was extracted from electron scattering data and this classic value has been used in the standard dipole parameterization of the form factor. In trying to reproduce this classic result, we discovered that there was a sign error in the original analysis and that the authors should have found a value of $0.851(19)~\mathrm{fm}$. We additionally made use of modern computing power to find a robust function for extracting the radius using this 1963 data's spacing and uncertainty. This optimal function, the Pad\'{e} $(0,1)$ approximant, also gives a result which is consistent with the modern high precision proton radius extractions.
The independence of positive and negative affect depends on the affect measure
1998
Abstract This study examined the degree of independence between Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) within a given situation. The affective state was measured before and after an experimentally induced success or failure experience in an anagram task. Two types of affect measures were used to assess PA and NA: the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and a Pleasantness-Unpleasantness scale. Consistent with our hypotheses, results show that PA and NA are independent when measured with the PANAS but are correlated when assessed with the other scale. These PA-NA correlations differed significantly from each other before and after emotion induction, respectively. Additional a…
Longitudinal factor analysis models in the assessment of the stability of sense of coherence
2000
The present study examined the stability of sense of coherence using longitudinal factor analysis models. Sense of coherence was measured by Antonovsky’s [Antonovsky, A. (1987a). Unraveling the mystery of health. How people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.] short-form (13-item) Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ). Analyses were carried out using one-year follow-up data consisting of 219 Finnish employees working in four organizations. A three-step analytic procedure was used. First, a one-factor, a three-factor, and a second-order factor model were specified and compared separately in two measurements. Second, the stability of the constructs in the three alternat…
The Innovative Moments Coding System and the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale: A case study comparing two methods to track change in psy…
2014
The Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES) and the Innovative Moments Coding System were applied to transcripts of a successful case of linguistic therapy of evaluation independently by different research groups. Assimilation theory and research suggest that higher APES scores reflect therapeutic gains, with a level of approximately 4.0 separating good from poor outcome cases. The innovative moments (IMs) model suggests that IMs classified as reconceptualization and performing change occur mainly in good outcome cases, whereas action, reflection and protest occur in both good and poor outcome cases. Passages coded as reconceptualization and performing change were rare in this …