Search results for "probiotic"
showing 10 items of 200 documents
In vitro modulation of cytokines by pathogens and probiotics on the skin of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)
2016
Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is the only species of the Sparidae family currently bred on a large scale. As one of the most important species on Mediterranean aquaculture. For this main reason, the knowledge of its immune system and their alterations it is crucial to avoid economic losses worldwide. Fish are in intimate contact with their environment and defending itself by a complex system of innate defence mechanisms, that is divided into physical barriers, cellular and humoral components. The skin as a physical barrier seems to be central to protection from pathogens such as Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida. Probiotics are microorganisms (usually bacteria) that promote differe…
The Role of Human Microbiota in Myasthenia Gravis: A Narrative Review
2023
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by fluctuating weakness of the skeletal muscles. Although antibodies against the neuromuscular junction components are recognized, the MG pathogenesis remains unclear, even if with a well-known multifactorial character. However, the perturbations of human microbiota have been recently suggested to contribute to MG pathogenesis and clinical course. Accordingly, some products derived from commensal flora have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects, while other have been shown to possess pro-inflammatory properties. In addition, patients with MG when compared with age-matched controls showed a distinctive …
The Administration of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Ameliorates Development of DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
2018
The beneficial effects of probiotics on immune-based pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been well reported. However, their exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Few studies have focused on the impact of probiotics on the composition of the colonic microbiota. The aim of the present study was to correlate the intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of mouse colitis with the changes induced in colonic microbiota populations. EcN prevented the DSSinduced colonic damage, as evidenced by lower disease activity index (DAI) values and colonic weight/length ratio, when compa…
Dextransucrase Expression Is Concomitant with that of Replication and Maintenance Functions of the pMN1 Plasmid in
2017
The exopolysaccharide synthesized by Lactobacillus sakei MN1 is a dextran with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of potential utility in aquaculture. In this work we have investigated the genetic basis of dextran production by this bacterium. Southern blot hybridization experiments demonstrated the plasmidic location of the dsrLS gene, which encodes the dextransucrase involved in dextran synthesis. DNA sequencing of the 11,126 kbp plasmid (pMN1) revealed that it belongs to a family which replicates by the theta mechanism, whose prototype is pUCL287. The plasmid comprises the origin of replication, repA, repB, and dsrLS genes, as well as seven open reading frames of uncharacterized f…
The Use of Probiotic and Antioxidants to Improve Welfare and Production of Layer Duck at Commercial Farms for Global Warming Mitigation
2021
Global warming affected increasing the risk of ducks to be more succeptable to heat stress which leads to decrease welfare and production. This research aimed to study duck welfare and productivity under probiotic and antioxidants administration at commercial farms. The method used was experiment with Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) based on factorial pattern. The treatment was dose of natural/homemade and commercial probiotics combined with vitamin C at 400 mg kg–1 and 600 mg kg–1 feed. Thus there were four treatment combinations. Each treatment was replicated five times, totally were 20 flocks of duck. Each flock had 50 laying females so there were 1 000 ducks. The treatment was cond…
Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind and open-label studies in the treatment and prevention of acute diarrhea with Enterococcus faecium SF68
2020
Enterococcus faecium SF68® (SF68) is a licensed pharmaceutical for treatment and prevention of diarrhea in Austria, Italy and Switzerland. However, as for other probiotics, evidence for its efficacy is based on small to medium-sized studies. Four unpublished studies on the treatment of acute diarrhea and the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea were analyzed: one randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) for treatment (n = 1,143), one open-label study for treatment (n = 5,093), one RCT for prevention (n = 1,397) and one open-label study for prevention (n = 4,340). Patients in the treatment-arm and the open-label studies received SF68 (b.i.d. for the prevention studies…
Postoperative maintenance therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
2006
. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2006 Jul;22(4):377-81. Postoperative maintenance therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Cottone M, Orlando A, Modesto I. Department of General Medicine, Pneumology and Nutrition Clinic, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will highlight the knowledge gained from studies published in the year 2005 on maintenance treatment after surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: In Crohn's disease the role of smoking in increasing the risk of relapse and recurrence after surgery is confirmed. Ornidazole seems effective in reducing endoscopic recurrence and clinical relapse after surgery. Probiotics do not appear to be effective…
Probiotic treatment in the oral cavity: An update
2009
Probiotics have been found to be beneficial to host health. Their primary use in medicine has been for the management of intestinal tract problems. In recent years, probiotics have been used as a treatment to promote oral health. The aim of the present study was to review published studies regarding probiotics and their effects on the oral cavity. Studies reporting the anticariogenic effects of probiotics, their use in the treatment of periodontal disease, a reduced crevicular fluid volume and cytokine content, as well as their use in the treatment of halitosis and Candida albicans were identified. Studies assessing residence time of probiotics in the oral cavity were also selected for retr…
Nutraceuticals as Lipid-Lowering Treatment in Pregnancy and Their Effects on the Metabolic Syndrome.
2015
Maternal nutrition and lifestyle before and during pregnancy influence both mother and offspring's health and can be correlated with the metabolic syndrome in later life. Findings from animal and human studies indicate that nutrition during pregnancy has an important role in microbiological, metabolic, physiologic and immunologic development and homeostasis. A low nutritional intake in early pregnancy may represent a risk for adverse effects during pregnancy as well as on birth outcome. It seems that dietary supplementation with probiotics in perinatal period may represent safe and practical approach in dealing with the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes such as obesity and gestational …
Comparing medical treatments for Crohn’s disease
2013
The drugs available for inflammatory bowel disease are aminosalicylates, antibiotics, steroids, immunosuppressors and biologics. The effectiveness of these drugs has been evaluated in many randomized clinical trials, mainly versus placebo. Few studies have been conducted comparing the different drugs among themselves, owing to the methodological problems raised by comparative trials, such as sample size and blindness. This review focuses mainly on the randomized clinical trials that have compared different treatments. Of course comparisons are mainly between drugs used in a particular setting (mild, moderate and severe disease). However, on many occasions there is no homogeneity in these cl…