Search results for "problems"
showing 10 items of 620 documents
Large-scale effects of migration and conflict in pre-agricultural groups: Insights from a dynamic model.
2016
The debate on the causes of conflict in human societies has deep roots. In particular, the extent of conflict in hunter-gatherer groups remains unclear. Some authors suggest that large-scale violence only arose with the spreading of agriculture and the building of complex societies. To shed light on this issue, we developed a model based on operatorial techniques simulating population-resource dynamics within a two-dimensional lattice, with humans and natural resources interacting in each cell of the lattice. The model outcomes under different conditions were compared with recently available demographic data for prehistoric South America. Only under conditions that include migration among c…
Selecting between Competitors in Multiplication Tasks: An Explanation of the Errors Produced by Adolescents with Learning Difficulties
1997
Two experiments were conducted in order to determine the nature of the difficulties encountered by learning disabled (LD) adolescents in the resolution of multiplication problems ( a b, where a and b vary between 2 and 9). A response production task (Experiment 1) revealed that the incorrect responses generally belonged to the table of one of the two operands, and that the order of difficulty of the problems was the same for the LDs as for normal children, adolescents, and educated adults as reported in the literature. This result suggests that the difficulties are not solely due to memory problems. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that these difficulties were caused by a problem in inhi…
Extending the semiotics of embodied interaction to blended spaces.
2015
In this paper, we develop a new way of understanding interactions in blended spaces. We do this by developing ideas about embodied semiotics and then apply these ideas to the analysis of interaction in mixed-reality blended spaces (where the physical world and digital world are blended deliberately to provide new forms of interaction). We discuss how blended spaces provide a new medium within which people have experiences. The semiotic analysis reveals how blended spaces are constructed across the physical and the digital, highlighting the ontology, topology, volatility, and agency present within them. It shows how people move between the physical and digital spaces through the objects and …
Problems and Adaptive Functioning Reported by Adults in 17 Societies
2016
This study tested for similarities and differences across societies in self-ratings ofproblems, personal strengths, and aspects of adaptive functioning on the Adult Self-Report (ASR) for nonclinical samples of adults ages 18 to 59 in 17 societies (N 10,197). Results indicated considerable consistency across societies regarding meanratings on the ASR problem items. Most effect sizes (ESs) for societal differences inproblem scales were small (2?5%). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysesindicated that culture clusters and society accounted for small percentages of variancein Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scores, with most of the variationaccounted for by individual dif…
Emotional separation and detachment as two distinct dimensions of parent--adolescent relationships
2011
The study examined adolescents’ emotional separation and detachment from parents, analyzing their relations with connectedness and agency, with some aspects of self—other boundary regulation and with problem behavior. The participants were 331 Italian adolescents, aged from 16 to 19 years (mean age = 17.40, SD = 1.14). Separation and detachment were positively related; they were negatively related to connectedness; detachment was also negatively associated to agency. Emotional separation was negatively predicted by empathic concern, perspective-taking and separate self; emotional detachment was negatively predicted by empathic concern and self—other differentiation. Separation negatively p…
Changes in achievement values from primary to lower secondary school among students with and without externalizing problems
2017
This study examined the effect of students' externalizing problems on changes in values that they attach to math across the transition from primary to lower secondary school. Data pertaining to externalizing problems and to intrinsic, attainment, and utility values in math were gathered using the self-ratings of students in Grades 6 and 7. The analysis involved a comparison between students who reported persistent high externalizing problems before and after the transition (n = 63; 59% boys) and those who had low or non-existent externalizing problems before and after the transition (n = 1352; 50% boys). The results of a mixed-design analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed uniformly that stu…
Profiles of school motivation and emotional well-being among adolescents : Associations with math and reading performance
2018
This study examines profiles of school motivation and emotional well-being and their links to academic skills (reading and math) among adolescents (N = 1629) at the end of comprehensive school (age 15–16). Using a person-centered approach (latent profile analysis), five distinct profile groups were identified. Three of the identified groups had a flat profile in motivation and well-being but at different levels. The first group manifested high motivation and well-being (n = 178, 11%); the second group was average in both (n = 1107, 68%); and the third had low motivation and well-being (n = 121, 7%). Two groups had mixed profiles; one group manifested only low motivation (n = 140, 9%) and th…
Collaborative argumentation through role-play by students on a degree programme in social services
2019
The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of collaborative argumentation by students enrolled in a degree program in social services. Students (n = 29) in a University of Applied Sciences participated in role-play discussions and problem solving on adolescents’ substance abuse. The discussions were conducted either online (15 students) or face-to-face (14 students). The data comprise the students’ asynchronous online and face-to-face discussions, which were analysed by identifying discussion fragments relevant in collaborative argumentation, and by comparing the results of the two groups. The results showed that the face-to-face discussions were more collaborative than the online …
La influencia de la dimensión de género en el Trabajo Social
2006
Josefa.Fombuena@uv.es Esta investigación cualitativa explicita la influencia de la dimensión de género en la intervención de las trabajadoras sociales y las dificultades que han de atravesar, no sólo por ser mujeres que atienden a mujeres, sino debido a las categorías que desvelan las trabajadoras sociales participantes: la fragilidad del marco en el que realizan su práctica profesional, la existencia de un isomorfismo en torno a la queja de profesionales y usuarias, la posición de subordinación a la que han sido confinadas las mujeres en las instituciones públicas y la tensión entre derechos y cuidados. This qualitative research explains the influence of gender on the interventions of fema…
La visibilidad académica de la exclusión: descripción de un practicum desde la optatividad de Trabajo Social
2008
Jose.R.Bueno@uv.es tealos@alumni.uv.es El trabajo que presentamos tiene por objeto dar a conocer la experiencia académica que permite la oportunidad de realizar los créditos prácticos, de las asignaturas Psicología Social de la Inadaptación e Intervención Psicosocial, (módulos que forman parte de las materias optativas del plan de estudios de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Valencia y son impartidos por el profesor José R. Bueno Abad), a través de un Practicum en centros institucionales, en concreto en la entidad Cáritas Diocesana de Valencia, mediante la presencia de los alumnos de Trabajo Social en diversos programas dirigidos a personas sin hogar, enfermos mentales, personas afectada…