Search results for "professions"

PREDICTIVE ACCURACY OF FRAILTY MEASURES: OVERVIEW OF REVIEWS

2017

Frailty is an age-related state of high vulnerability to adverse health outcomes after a stressor event, predisposing individuals to progressive decline in different functional domains. A scoping search identified a large number of relevant systematic reviews (SRs) on predictive ability of frailty measures in older adults. Aiming to summarise this set of evidence an overview of reviews, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, was conducted. This project “664367/FOCUS” was funded under the European Union’s Health Programme (2014–2020). The studies considered as eligible for inclusion were quantitative SRs including older adults aged 60 years or more, recruited from any type o…

LINKED LIVES: RECEIVING AND GIVING HELP IN TECHNOLOGY USE IN LATER LIFE

2018

This study investigates how older people differ from younger people in terms of giving and receiving help in the use of a computer and a digital television. The analysis focuses on the effects of gender and health status. The data was derived from individual interviews (N=3,306) conducted in connection the Finnish Time Use Survey in 2009 and 2010. We employ logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship of health measures and background factors on giving and receiving help. The results show that people aged 55–64 (OR=3.9) and 65 or more (OR=4.4) received help in the use of these two technologies more often than the youngest age group (10–16). Respondents with a long-term disease (…

NOROVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS IS AN IMPORTANT CAUSE OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN GERMANY

2017

Noroviruses are the most important global cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Testing for norovirus in patients hospitalized with AGE is incentivized in Germany because a positive diagnosis impacts reimbursement. We estimated the number of nosocomial infections overall and by age-group for norovirus gastroenteritis (NGE) using federal German databases. All hospitalizations in Germany are registered with the German Federal Statistics Office (DESTATIS). We extracted aggregate data for patients hospitalized with NGE (ICD-10 codes A08.1) as primary or non-primary diagnosis for the period 2007–2012. Cases with a non-primary diagnoses were assumed to be due to nosocomial infection.

FREE-LIVING AND LABORATORY-BASED GAIT ASSESSMENTS PROVIDE CONGRUENT RESULTS AMONG 75-YEAR-OLD MEN AND WOMEN

2018

It is often wondered how representative laboratory-based assessments are of the free-living condition. Indeed, free-living gait is more predictive of self-reported falls history compared to laboratory-based gait. However, explicit explorations of the relationship between laboratory-based and free-living based gait parameters remain scarce. Therefore, this association was studied using a trunk-worn accelerometer during a laboratory-based 6-min walking test, and in free-living conditions (6 days) in a sample of 75-year-old men and women (N=77). Gait quantity (minutes of walking per day, distance covered for free-living and laboratory, respectively) and quality (assessed with multiscale entrop…

Fathers’ marital satisfaction and their involvement with their child with disabilities

2011

The study examines whether fathers’ marital satisfaction – that is, relationships within the parents’ marriage – is correlated with their involvement with their child with disabilities. Data were collected from 243 Polish fathers who were married and who had at least one child with disabilities. The issue was assessed by two measures, the Marital Satisfaction Scale and the Father Involvement Scale. The results show that fathers’ marital satisfaction is significantly (p   0.05) correlated with the fifth component of fathers’ involvement with their child with disabilities, active help in achieving independence by their children.

DO FLEXIBLE AND TENACIOUS GOAL PURSUIT ALLEVIATE THE INFLUENCES OF FUNCTIONAL DECLINE TO ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION?

2018

Assimilative and accommodative coping strategies have hardly been studied in relation to activity participation when facing functional decline. We investigated whether tenacious goal pursuit (TGP) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA) influence the association between physical or cognitive performance, and physical activity or participation in other hobbies. Participants were 78-93-year-old community-dwelling people (n=187). TGP and FGA were self-evaluated with distinct scales (ranges 5–25). Physical performance was assessed with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; 0–12) and cognitive performance with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; 0–30). Physical activity (0–5) and participation i…

Authorship in Facilitated Communication: A Re-Analysis of a Case of Assumed Representative Authentic Writing

2003

Attitudes of Primary School Teachers in Three Western Countries Toward Learning Disabilities

2016

In recent years, teachers in Western countries have developed beliefs and attitudes related to working with students with specific learning disabilities (LD) that may be critical in shaping their educational practices with them; however, their beliefs and attitudes differ across political and geographical contexts and may be influenced by specific contextual circumstances and national legislation. This study examines these issues by comparing beliefs and attitudes among 557 primary school teachers from specific areas of three countries (Italy, Spain, and the United States). Results from this study support the hypothesis that, in general, teachers in these areas are sufficiently well inform…

Difficulties of Drivers With Dyslexia When Reading Traffic Signs: Analysis of Reading, Eye Gazes, and Driving Performance

2018

A group of adult individuals with dyslexia and a matched group of normally reading individuals participated in a driving simulation experiment. Participants were asked to read the word presented on every direction traffic sign encountered along a route, as far as possible from the sign, maintaining driving performance. Word frequency and word length were manipulated as within-subject factors. We analyzed (a) reading accuracy, (b) how far the sign was when the participant started to give the response, (c) where the participant looked during the time leading up to the response, and (d) the variability of the vehicle’s speed during that time and during driving on similar segments of the route…

How University Students With Reading Difficulties Are Supported in Achieving Their Goals

2015

We examine (a) what social ties university students with a history of reading difficulty (RD) report assisting them to achieve their goals, (b) outlets available for developing social ties, (c) resources mobilized within these relationships, and (d) the impact of social ties’ status on academic achievement. Participants were 107 university students with RD who were currently completing or had recently completed a university degree. Results showed that university students with RD named friends, parents, and significant others (e.g., boy/girlfriend, spouse) as social ties most often. Personal social ties were developed through social media networking sites and within close relationships, and…