Search results for "prospective"
showing 10 items of 3738 documents
Externalizing Behaviors and Cigarette Smoking as Predictors for Use of Illicit Drugs: A Longitudinal Study Among Finnish Adolescent Twins
2010
We examined whether externalizing problem behaviors (hyperactivity–impulsivity, aggressiveness, and inattention) predict illicit drug use independently, or whether their associations with drug use are mediated through cigarette smoking. We used a prospective longitudinal design within theFinnTwin12-17study among Finnish adolescents with baseline at age 12 and follow-up surveys at ages 14 and 17. Path models were conducted withMplusand included 1992 boys and 2123 girls. The outcome was self-reported ever use of cannabis or other illicit drugs at age 17. The predictors were: externalizing behaviors (hyperactivity–impulsivity, aggressiveness, and inattention) assessed by teachers and parents (…
Osteoprotegerin and Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Populations: Meta-Analysis of 19 Prospective Studies Involving 27450 Participants
2018
Background Osteoprotegerin is a cytokine involved in bone metabolism as well as vascular calcification and atherogenesis. Although circulating osteoprotegerin levels are robustly associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, its relevance as a biomarker among populations at high CVD risk is less clear. Methods and Results Three independent reviewers systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify prospective studies that had recruited participants on the basis of having conditions related to high CVD risk. A total of 19 studies were eligible for inclusion, reporting on 27 450 patients with diabetes mellitus (2 studies), kidney diseas…
Relation between Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases in a Large Population Sample.
2021
Abstract Objective Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a potent anticoagulant protein in the extrinsic coagulation pathway. In the present study, we aim to identify the cardiovascular determinants for total TFPI activity and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality. Methods Total TFPI activity was assessed in a selection of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (n = 5,000). Statistical analysis was performed to identify the determinants for total TFPI activity as well as the associations with CVD and mortality. Results Multivariable linear regression analysis identified smoking (β 0.095 [0.054–0.136]) as a positive determinant for total TFPI activity…
Long-term positive airway pressure therapy is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea : data from t…
2020
Background and aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia. The current study examined the effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment on lipid status in the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA). Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 1564 OSA subjects (74% male, mean age 54 ± 11y, body mass index (BMI) 32.7 ± 6.6 kg/m2 and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 40.3 ± 24.4 n/h) undergoing PAP therapy for at least three months (mean 377.6 ± 419.5 days). Baseline and follow-up total cholesterol (TC) from nine centers were analyzed. Repeated measures and logistic regression tests (adjusted for age, sex, weight changes, lipid lowering medication, PAP …
Glutathione Peroxidase-1 and Homocysteine for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction
2005
Objectives This prospective study was designed to evaluate the effect of joint determination of two important contrary biomarkers—homocysteine and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1—on cardiovascular risk stratification. Background Homocysteine plasma levels have been associated with cardiovascular risk. Experimental data suggest that antioxidative GPx-1 activity modulates cardiovascular risk associated with homocysteine. Methods In 643 patients with coronary artery disease, we performed a prospective study to assess the risk of homocysteine plasma levels and GPx-1 activity on long-term cardiovascular risk with a median follow-up of 7.1 years. Results Both homocysteine and GPx-1 were among the …
Pathways between Social Capital and Oral Health from Childhood to Adolescence
2022
Author's accepted manuscript This study aimed to evaluate the theoretical pathways by which social capital can influence dental caries and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children over time. This 10-y prospective cohort started in 2010 with a sample of 639 preschoolers aged 1 to 5 y from the southern Brazil. Community and individual social capital were assessed at baseline through the presence of formal institutions in the neighborhood and social networks, respectively. In the 10-y follow-up, the individual social capital was evaluated by social trust and social networks. Dental caries was measured by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), and the …
Prospective analysis of the influence of sport and educational factors on the prevalence and initiation of smoking in older adolescents from Croatia
2017
The prevalence of smoking among Croatian adolescents is alarmingly high, but no previous study has prospectively examined the sport- and academic-factors associated with smoking and smoking initiation. This study aimed to prospectively examine the associations between scholastic (educational) achievement and sport factors and smoking in 16- to 18-year-old adolescents. This two-year prospective cohort study included 644 adolescents who were 16 years of age at baseline (46% females). Baseline testing was implemented at the beginning of the 3rd year of high school (September 2014) when participants were 16 years old. Follow-up testing was completed at the end of the fourth year of high school,…
Third molar surgical difficulty scales: systematic review and preoperative assessment form
2021
Background The main objective of this systematic review was to collect the pre-existing scales for assessing the difficulty of third molar extraction. The secondary objective was to design a proposal for a preoperative evaluation protocol for the difficulty of third molar extraction. Material and Methods Two independent researchers conducted an electronic search in Pubmed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, and Scopus databases during March 2021. Included studies evaluated the prediction of the difficulty of surgical removal of impacted upper or lower third molars using new indices/scales or pre-existing scales with or without modifications. Articles referring to coronectomies or assessing pre-surgical di…
The Association between Cognitive Impairment and Diabetic Foot Care: Role of Neuropathy and Glycated Hemoglobin
2020
Diabetes mellitus is associated with impairment in cognitive functions which can complicate adherence to self-care behaviors. We evaluated the incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus to determine the strength of the association between diabetic foot (a complication that occurs in about 10% of diabetic patients), adherence to the clinician&rsquo
Postoperative Sagittal Balance Has Only a Limited Role in the Development of Adjacent Segment Disease After Lumbar Spine Fusion for Degenerative Lumb…
2022
Study Design. Retrospective additional analysis of a prospective follow-up study. Objectives. We aimed to find out whether poor postoperative sagittal alignment increases revisions for adjacent segment disease (ASD) after lumbar spine fusion (LSF) performed for degenerative lumbar spine disease. Summary of Background Data. Revisions for ASD accumulate over time after LSF for degenerative lumbar spine disease. The etiology of ASD is considered multifactorial. Yet, the role of postoperative sagittal balance in this process remains controversial. Materials and Methods. A total of 215 consecutive patients who had undergone an elective LSF surgery for spinal stenosis with (80%) or without (20%) …