Search results for "protein"
showing 10 items of 21431 documents
Anti-inflammatory effect of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed extract through the downregulation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macr…
2019
Abstract The aim of this study was to enhance the anti-inflammatory potential of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed extract (GSE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The total phenol content of GSE was 112.66 mg GAE/g in Carignan, 142.33 mg GAE/g in Merlot and 161.66 mg GAE/g in Syrah. GSE contained 12 phenol compounds including 8 flavan-3-ols (catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, procyanidin b1, procyanidin b4, procyanidin b2), 3 flavonols (kaempferol, myricitrinand quercetin) and only 1 phenolic acid (gallic acid). GSE significantly suppressed the gene expression and protein secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), induc…
There's More to the Picture Than Meets the Eye: Nitric Oxide Cross Talk with Ca2+ Signaling
2013
Abstract Calcium and nitric oxide (NO) are two important biological messengers. Increasing evidence indicates that Ca2+ and NO work together in mediating responses to pathogenic microorganisms and microbe-associated molecular patterns. Ca2+ fluxes were recognized to account for NO production, whereas evidence gathered from a number of studies highlights that NO is one of the key messengers mediating Ca2+ signaling. Here, we present a concise description of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross talk between Ca2+ and NO in plant cells exposed to biotic stress. Particular attention will be given to the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and…
RCD1 Coordinates Chloroplastic and Mitochondrial Electron Transfer through Interaction with ANAC Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis
2018
AbstractSignaling from chloroplasts and mitochondria, both dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS), merge at the nuclear protein RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1). ROS produced in the chloroplasts affect the abundance, thiol redox state and oligomerization of RCD1. RCD1 directly interactsin vivowith ANAC013 and ANAC017 transcription factors, which are the mediators of the ROS-related mitochondrial complex III retrograde signa and suppresses activity of ANAC013 and ANAC017. Inactivation ofRCD1leads to increased expression of ANAC013 and ANAC017-regulated genes belonging to the mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS), including genes for mitochondrial alternative oxidases(AOXs).Accumulat…
Nitric oxide production mediates oligogalacturonide-triggered immunity and resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana
2012
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development to environmental adaptation. In this study, we investigated the production and/or function of NO in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf discs and plants elicited by oligogalacturonides (OGs) and challenged with Botrytis cinerea. We provided evidence that OGs triggered a fast and long lasting NO production which was Ca(2+) dependent and involved nitrate reductase (NR). Accordingly, OGs triggered an increase of both NR activity and transcript accumulation. NO production was also sensitive to the mammalian NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Intriguingly, we showed that L-NAME affected NO production by interfering with NR activity, t…
Early changes in gene expression in tobacco cells elicited with cryptogein
1995
48 ref.; International audience
Effect of Enzyme Amounts Used in Gastrointestinal Digestion Upon Solubility and Caco-2 Cell Uptake Assays of Minerals from Infant Formulas
2005
The effect of enzyme amounts used in gastrointestinal in vitro digestion upon the solubility and Caco-2 cell uptake of calcium, iron and zinc from infant formulas (IFs) was studied. Different amounts of enzymes (g enzyme/g IF), pepsin (0.002 and 0.048), pancreatin (0.0005, 0.002 and 0.01) and bile extract (0.003, 0.125 and 0.0625) were assayed. Mineral soluble contents and mineral uptakes by Caco-2 cells were affected by the enzyme amounts used in digestion. Although the highest mineral solubility (Ca 98.6 vs 46.2%; Fe 98.1 vs 83.9%; Zn 98.4 vs 83%) was obtained when the lowest enzyme (pepsin 0.002 vs 0.048; pancreatin 0.0005 vs 0.01g/g IF) and bile extract (0.003 vs 0.0625g/g IF) amounts …
Improvement of Analytical Conditions of Mineral Caco-2 Cell Uptake Assays
2004
Caco-2 cell mineral uptake assays are used to estimate the bioavailability of minerals from foods. The uptake of minerals by Caco-2 cells can be affected by several factors – particularly the conditions of the in vitro digestion process and the growth conditions of the cell culture. Therefore, a standardisation of the assays conditions is required to obtain reproducible results. This work determined the effect of enzyme demineralisation, the inactivation of the proteolytic activity of the digest and the replacement of distilled-deionised water by cell culture degree water. Treatment with Chelex-100 resin was applied to remove calcium, iron and zinc from pepsin and pancreatin-bile salts. Th…
Aspartic proteinase from barley grains is related to mammalian lysosomal cathepsin D
1991
Resting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grains contain acid-proteinase activity. The corresponding enzyme was purified from grain extracts by affinity chromatography on a pepstatin-Sepharose column. The pH optimum of the affinity-purified enzyme was between 3.5 and 3.9 as measured by hemoglobin hydrolysis and the enzymatic activity was completely inhibited by pepstatin a specific inhibitor of aspartic proteinases (EC 3.4.23). Further purification on a Mono S column followed by activity measurements and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the affinity-purified enzyme preparation contained two active heterodimeric aspartic proteinases: a larger 48k Da enzyme, c…
Modulation of copper deficiency responses by diurnal and circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis thaliana
2015
Highlight Cyclic expression of copper transport and the responses to copper deficiency are integrated into the light and circadian–oscillator signalling in plants.
The fungal elicitor cryptogein induces cell wall modifications on tobacco cell suspension
2000
Upon addition of the fungal elicitor cryptogein, suspension cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) aggregated in clusters. Cytochemical experiments indicated that elicited cells displayed fibrillar expansions of pectin along the primary cell wall. Immunocytochemical detection of pectin epitopes indicated that the fibrillar material surrounding the treated cells was mostly composed of low methylated galacturonan sequences, but the use of the cationic probe did not reveal the presence of negatively charged carboxyl groups: the presence of important amounts of calcium ions in these pectic fibrillar expansions accounts for these observations. These data indicate that tobacco cells trea…