Search results for "protéines"
showing 10 items of 60 documents
Activités cytotoxiques et pro-oxydantes d'acides gras à très longue chaîne sur des oligodendrocytes murins sauvages et déficients en Abcd1 et Acox1 :…
2010
X-ALD and P-NALD are two rare, peroxisomal metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. ABCD1 and ACOX1 are known to be responsible for X-ALD and P-NALD, respectively. The actively demyelinating lesions in CNS, exhibited signs of oxidative stress and cell death. The accumulation of VLCFA in plasma and tissue is the biochemical common hallmark to both diseases. First, we characterized a murine oligodendrocytes cell line 158N to use it as a model. This 158N cell line which has characteristics of mature oligodendrocytes (expression of myelin proteins MOG, MBP, PLP), has also functional peroxisomes with Abcd1 and Acox1 proteins. Then, we studied the cytotoxic and pro-oxidative effects of VLCFA (C2…
PULSES ! Interroger les représentations sociales afin d'identifier des leviers en faveur d'un rééquilibrage entre protéines animales et végétales
2018
National audience
Déterminisme génétique de la plasticité de la composition protéique des graines de légumineuses vis-à-vis de l'environnement : rôle du métabolisme du…
2021
The renewed interest in plant proteins has stimulated research aimed at developing markers to aid in the selection of legume varieties better adapted to nutritional needs. Among the traits to be improved and stabilized is the amino acid balance of seeds, the essential amino acids methionine and tryptophan being particularly under-represented in legume seeds. This thesis focuses on seed protein composition, which is a major determinant of the seed amino acid balance. The objective was to explore the genetic and environmental variability in this trait and to identify genes potentially involved in its plasticity when subjected to environmental stresses. In the first part of the thesis, the pro…
Relationships between sodium mobility, in-mouth salt and aroma release, and flavour perception : application to model cheeses
2012
The aim of this work is to understand the effects of changes in the composition of model cheeses on mobility, release and perception of flavor molecules (salt, aroma compounds). Six flavoured model cheeses were formulated (3 lipid/protein (L/P) ratios and 2 salt contents). The microstructure and the rheological properties of the model cheeses were characterized respectively by confocal microscopy and by uniaxial compression test. The mobility of sodium ions was analyzed by 23Na NMR. The kinetics of sodium release was followed in water and then in saliva during consumption of the model cheeses. The retronasal release of aroma compounds was followed by nose-space APCI-MS, simultaneously with …
Regulation of the activity of the Cholesteryl Ester Tranfer Protein (CETP) : electrostatics interactions with carboxylic derivatives (Non Esterified …
1997
In human plasma, the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism by promoting the net mass transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL towards apoB-containing lipoproteins, and the transfer of triglycerides from VLDL towards HDL and LDL. Thus CETP arises as a potentially important factor in plasma lipoproteins metabolism, a statement which raised a considerable interest in identifying the factors which may regulate CETP activity.In our in vitro studies, we demonstrated that amphipathic molecules (non esterified fatty acids and retinoic acids) constituted of one carboxylic head group and one hydrophobic carbon chain are able to increase the cholesteryl es…
Etude des mécanismes physiologiques et moléculaires permettant la prise en charge des substrats hydrophobes par la levure Yarrowia lipolytica au nive…
2012
Yarrowia lipolytica can grow on many hydrophobic substrates and metabolize them via the β-oxidation pathway or store them into lipid bodies. The first contact between the cell and the hydrophobic substrates is by the cell wall. In this step, cell-wall proteins (CWP), β-glucane and chitin of the cell wall could play an important role for the adhesion and uptake of hydrophobic substrates. The aim of this work was to study the effect of a hydrophobic carbon source (compared with glucose) and the culture medium composition on the cell wall composition and the melanin production by Y. lipolytica. The results of our biochemical and molecular analysis showed that the presence of methyl oleate and …
Les attitudes et représentations des professionnels de l'alimentation envers les légumes secs et leurs perceptions des mangeurs français
2018
National audience; La consommation de légumes secs constitue une pratique alimentaire écologique, durable avec un potentiel nutritionnel et de santé éminent, or celle-ci reste moindre en France avec une consommation de 1.7Kg/an par personne en moyenne. Pour comprendre les leviers et les freins à la consommation de légumes secs en France, il est primordial de s'intéresser aux attitudes et représentations des professionnels envers ces aliments. Les vecteurs principaux de la communication vers les mangeurs sont les professionnels du domaine de l'alimentation. Les interactions sociales construisent les représentations qui vont guider les pratiques. Or les propres attitudes et représentations de…
New insights into the pharmacology of the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3
2011
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia or obesity, are more and more weighing on public health expenses in developed countries. Despite active research, these widespread diseases remain difficult to handle. Promising new therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases include the development of drugs targeting the free fatty acid receptors, as key players in metabolism homeostasis. In this context, the current PhD thesis focuses on the study of two G protein-coupled receptors, namely the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 (FFA2) and 3 (FFA3). First, we investigated the expression of the two receptors of interest in a variety of cell types. Then, in order to study the phar…
Legumes in 21st century Europe: present and future importance in agri-food systems? New challenges for reseach.
2013
Intensification of agriculture since 1950 has globally led to the decline of grain legume crops, which currently represent less than 3 % of arable crops in France and Europe. Nevertheless, legumes have several major assets (i) as plant proteins for animal feed and human food and (ii) as plants fixing atmospheric N2 and thereby saving nitrogen inputs in cropping systems, and (iii) as diversification crops. The analysis of forage and grain legume producing systems in France showed that the dominant system results in a lock-in of the different factors limiting legume insertion into the current systems. But legumes could have a major role to play in the agroecological transition towards more su…